The Study of the Validity of Wisdoms Ascribed to Nahj al-Balagha: The Described Wisdoms in Ibn Abi al-Hadid’s Commentary
Ahmad
Omidvar
Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Khomein Quran University.
author
Ahmad
Omidali
Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature، Arak University
author
text
article
2017
per
The authors of a large number of the heritage of Arabic literature are unknown, or a single literary work is attributed to several authors, or there are doubts regarding the works ascribed to a single author. Consequently, literary scholars have conducted researches to ensure the authenticity and validity of these texts. One main criterion for identifying authors’ styles is statistical stylistics. In the present study, Yule’s equation as one of the methods in statistical stylistics is employed to examine the validity of wisdoms mentioned by Ibn Abi al-Hadid, a Nahj al-Balagha commentator, in volume 20 of his book. Based on the obtained data and numbers, it cannot be asserted with certainty that the sources of these wisdoms is only one, and also it cannot be asserted with certainty that ascribing all these wisdoms to Imam Ali is not true. The results suggest that most probably ascribing these wisdoms to Imam Ali is true and it can be claimed that stylistically this ascription is valid. An important point is that the results of this study, obtained through numbers, are solely true for this text and generalizing them to all the ascribed wisdoms is not recommended.
Arabic Literature Bulletin
Shahid Beheshti University
2588-6835
8
v.
1
no.
2017
7
40
https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_98293_7461f234bb22034a20d8d096ac9c1ae2.pdf
A Criticism of the Fourth Hashemieh Komeit
Naser
Misaghi
PhD Student of Arabic Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
author
Khalil
Bastan
Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
The present article is an attempt to provide a criticism and review of Komeit’s “Fourth Hashemieh”. Hashemiat are a collection of odes (Qasida) composed to encourage people to stand against the cruel ruling of the Umayyads. This encouragement to revolt is presented cleverly in the form of eulogy for the Holy Prophet and his family. The “Fourth Hashemieh” has a number of key points: firstly, it provokes people to think about the existing adverse conditions, which is the result of the imprudence of the rulers whose highest point of corruption is evident in their killing of Muslims and especially in murdering the Holy Prophet’s grandson. In Komeit’s view, these acts necessitate the revolt against this corrupt system. Secondly, it eulogizes the Bani Hashim, contrasts their ruling with the Bani Umayyah’s, and attempts to encourage the establishment of the former ruling with strong and persuasive arguments. Thirdly, it dedicates the ode to the eulogized, i.e. Bani Hashim. In this ode, the poet addresses a variety of topics in different ways which provides a suitable situation to motivate and provoke two revolutions, namely sociopolitical and literary.
Arabic Literature Bulletin
Shahid Beheshti University
2588-6835
8
v.
1
no.
2017
41
74
https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_98292_a692c61bcb800ca49d09a713f7ae71e0.pdf
Questions and Arguments in the Literary Debate (The Debate Between Ratif Alkhoury and Taha Hussein
Hojjat
Rasouli
Shahid Beheshti University
author
Raed
Abud Shannan
Employee of the Iraqi Ministry of Education.
author
text
article
2017
per
Undoubtedly, the reasoning question has a great importance in the speech, especially in the debates. The controversial goal of the argumentative question is to stimulate the attention of the audience and attempt to defeat the competitor so that he returns from his own views. When the debater of the opponent asks the opponent that he is not aware of the question, then the question is empty of reason, but when the answer to the question becomes known to the other party, the debater conceals the argument to change the approach. Here is the significance of the argumentative question and its important role in the literary debate. In this regard, the present study addresses the argumentative question in the literary debate between Ratif AlKhoury and Taha Hussein as an applied example. The debate is about a major question that each of the parties tries to respond to in its own way, as during the debate, many sub-issues are dealt with in a variety of subjects, in a coherent and coordinated manner, to suit the purpose of the debate. These questions, through their virtual meanings, have goals such as denial, confession and other purposes to have a psychological impact on the one hand, on the other hand, pushing the opposing side to gradually confess.
Arabic Literature Bulletin
Shahid Beheshti University
2588-6835
8
v.
1
no.
2017
75
99
https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_98294_e01e9807249a8029d47c550b4689b580.pdf
The Study of Techniques in Baghdadi Colloquial Proverbs
behzad
heshmati
PhD, Department of Arabic Literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran.
author
abolfazl
rezaei
Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran.
author
text
article
2017
per
This article studies the pattern structure of Baghdadi colloquial proverbs found in Majmaol Amsal Al-Amiah Al-Baghdadi (The Collection of Baghdadi Colloquial Proverbs). The language of Baghdadi colloquial proverbs is part of the Iraqi dialect spoken in Iraq. This language has specific features distinguishing it from other speeches since on its own it is considered an independent text characterized by brevity, simplicity of structures and beautiful tone. The method of the present article is numerical and descriptive-analytic. It examines different techniques in the structure of Baghdadi colloquial proverbs and counting thereof. We realized that the pattern structure of Baghdadi colloquial proverbs is compatible in general with the structure of Standard Arabic proverbs. The style of Baghdadi colloquial proverbs rests on assonance, condition, understanding, imperative, proportion, negation, paradox and general application according to their usage. These compositional techniques and rhetorical devices which are used in Baghdadi colloquial proverbs provide many possibilities for interpreting various meanings and significations. In some of the techniques, we find linguistic innovations in the structure of colloquial words which shows their extent of concord with Baghdadi colloquial proverbs.
Arabic Literature Bulletin
Shahid Beheshti University
2588-6835
8
v.
1
no.
2017
101
136
https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_98289_1eb885ad2dc1cd52d443c88906afe836.pdf
The Significance and Patterns of Repetition in the Poetry of Mohammad Ibrahim Abi Sena
Amir
Farhangnia
Shahid Beheshti University
author
text
article
2017
per
Repetition is one of the linguistic tools playing a clear expressive role in poetry. The repetition of words, letters, phrases, or a piece of poem suggests in principle the dominance of this element on the poet’s thoughts or feelings. The modernists approach this element with a new attitude which very often departs from the rational approach of previous authors. This phenomenon is influenced by the circumstances of the time and literary approaches which are not ancient. In addition, the form of Arabic Qasida (ode) has changed, which is an undeniable aspect of the structure of Qasida (ode) and its subject matter. This article aims to explain and clarify the significance of repetition and to analyze its various patterns in the poetry of the contemporary Egyptian poet, Mohammad Ibrahim Abi Sena. The introductory, concluding, cumulative, and circular repetition is the repetition of religious, periodic, and morphological manifestations, according to the descriptive-analytical approach. The study shows that cumulative repetition is the most type of repetition in Abi Sena’s poetry since it contains the repetition of words and phrases. Moreover, repetition is one of the most prominent tools used by the poet to express the sufferings of the Egyptians and the people of the Arab world. It is also used to urge people to struggle for their homeland, freedom, and human dignity. Therefore, the poet has succeeded in employing repetition to express his purposes in his poetry collections.
Arabic Literature Bulletin
Shahid Beheshti University
2588-6835
8
v.
1
no.
2017
137
178
https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_98290_eaca9b3d698f0dc4f39b34af3acbf62e.pdf
The Role and Function of the Narrator in Zoha Said by Baha Tahir
Seyyed Mehdi
Masboogh
Bu-Ali University, Hamadan, Iran
author
Shahram
Delshad
Bu-Ali University, Hamadan.
author
text
article
2017
per
The narrative text consists of a network of narratives based on the narrator and his influential role and function. Critics today agree that the narrator is the most important element in the narrative text whose significant work connects the text with the reader. Hence, we find in each narrative text the special presence of the narrator. Although the narrator’s presence in contemporary novels has diminished and has become neutral in contrast to classical tales and stories, it still has an active and significant role among the narrative components. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role and function of the narrator in the novel Zoha Said by Baha Tahir through the descriptive-analytical approach. The study is based on the views of a number of Narratologists such as Gérard Gennette, Tzvetan Todorov and Abdul Rahim al-Kurdi. The study shows that the narrator in this novel is a dynamic character undergoing change as the story develops and he oscillates between neutrality and non-neutrality. The novel’s narrator is a young cultivated character who narrates the events based on focalization and with the help of characters such as Zoha, Sayed and Hatem, who have prominent roles in coordinating the narration and its consistency.
Arabic Literature Bulletin
Shahid Beheshti University
2588-6835
8
v.
1
no.
2017
179
216
https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_98291_5d486af8fd131d0f41ab17a9650359dc.pdf