Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 14 26 2023 07 23 Analyzing the critical discourse in the novel "The Republic of Ka'an" by Ala Al-Aswani based on Norman Fairclough's theory Analyzing the critical discourse in the novel "The Republic of Ka'an" by Ala Al-Aswani based on Norman Fairclough's theory 39 72 104512 10.29252/jalc.2023.229611.1199 FA Vali Baharvand Assistant Professor of Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Naeem Amouri Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran . Parvin Khalili PhD student, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran . Journal Article 2022 11 27 Critical discourse analysis is a branch of discourse analysis that studies language as a social practice related to power and ideology. One of the pioneers of this approach is Norman Fairclough. In his opinion, critical discourse analysis is a method that is used along with other methods to investigate social and cultural changes. Fairclough studies critical discourse analysis at three levels in discourse analysis. 1- description 2- Interpretation 3- Explanation. the researcher analyzes the text as a part of the process of social struggle in power relations. <br />The results of the research indicate that Aswani expresses many discourses and types of events by using words and structures such as pronouns, opposites, repetition, etc. At the level of interpretation, it examines the conditions and type of discourse and states that this novel reflects the political and social currents before and after the revolution of January 25, 2011 in Egypt, and the author has described the events of the society and different political, social and cultural classes. It explains the conflict between them and their thoughts. At the level of explanation, it reflects the type of power and ideology that Hosni Mubarak's dictatorship is, and the events of the January revolution, such as; The protest against Khaled Saeed's assassination and martyrdom reflects the anger and the corrupt society with a critical tone. The dominant idea in the novel is the struggle against the dictatorial government through demonstrations, especially in Tahrir Square, and the awakening of the Egyptian people. Critical discourse analysis is a branch of discourse analysis that studies language as a social practice related to power and ideology. One of the pioneers of this approach is Norman Fairclough. In his opinion, critical discourse analysis is a method that is used along with other methods to investigate social and cultural changes. Fairclough studies critical discourse analysis at three levels in discourse analysis. 1- description 2- Interpretation 3- Explanation. the researcher analyzes the text as a part of the process of social struggle in power relations. <br />The results of the research indicate that Aswani expresses many discourses and types of events by using words and structures such as pronouns, opposites, repetition, etc. At the level of interpretation, it examines the conditions and type of discourse and states that this novel reflects the political and social currents before and after the revolution of January 25, 2011 in Egypt, and the author has described the events of the society and different political, social and cultural classes. It explains the conflict between them and their thoughts. At the level of explanation, it reflects the type of power and ideology that Hosni Mubarak's dictatorship is, and the events of the January revolution, such as; The protest against Khaled Saeed's assassination and martyrdom reflects the anger and the corrupt society with a critical tone. The dominant idea in the novel is the struggle against the dictatorial government through demonstrations, especially in Tahrir Square, and the awakening of the Egyptian people. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_104512_466349ee0a4c10fcac53037191d13b7b.pdf