Shahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222انحصار یا عدم انحصار بدیعی فواصل آیات؟انحصار یا عدم انحصار بدیعی فواصل آیات؟100543FAAli Asghar AkhondyShahroud University of Technology0000-0002-3423-6818علی راددانشیار دانشگاه تهرانJournal Article20190724قرآن کلام حکیم و حکیمانه است. پایان آیاتش را که تجلی گر اعجاز و بلاغت قرآن است و نقش مهمی در زیبایی، نظمبخشی و انسجام آیات دارد فاصله می نامند. در کلام حکیم و حکیمانه هر بخشی باید در ارتباط و تناسب کامل با قبل و بعد خود باشد و فاصله نیز از این حکم مستثنا نیست. اما سخن بر سر این است که این ارتباط چگونه است؟ ابن ابی الاصبع در قرن هفتم هجری ارتباط فاصله را در چهار نوع تصدیر، توشیح، ایغال و تمکین منحصر دانسته است. اکنون و پس از گذشت چندین قرن و با توجه به گستردگی و تنوع فواصل آیات آیا این انحصار همچنان پابرجاست یا میتوان انواعی دیگر بر آن افزود؟ برخی بر این گونهها، انواعی همچون تتمیم، تکمیل و تسهیم افزودهاند. در این مقاله به شیوهای تحلیلی انتقادی به انحصار یا عدم انحصار روابط فواصل با آیات در چهار نوع یا بیشتر پرداخته شده است.قرآن کلام حکیم و حکیمانه است. پایان آیاتش را که تجلی گر اعجاز و بلاغت قرآن است و نقش مهمی در زیبایی، نظمبخشی و انسجام آیات دارد فاصله می نامند. در کلام حکیم و حکیمانه هر بخشی باید در ارتباط و تناسب کامل با قبل و بعد خود باشد و فاصله نیز از این حکم مستثنا نیست. اما سخن بر سر این است که این ارتباط چگونه است؟ ابن ابی الاصبع در قرن هفتم هجری ارتباط فاصله را در چهار نوع تصدیر، توشیح، ایغال و تمکین منحصر دانسته است. اکنون و پس از گذشت چندین قرن و با توجه به گستردگی و تنوع فواصل آیات آیا این انحصار همچنان پابرجاست یا میتوان انواعی دیگر بر آن افزود؟ برخی بر این گونهها، انواعی همچون تتمیم، تکمیل و تسهیم افزودهاند. در این مقاله به شیوهای تحلیلی انتقادی به انحصار یا عدم انحصار روابط فواصل با آیات در چهار نوع یا بیشتر پرداخته شده است.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100543_36be2b430eb76966e62c81fca3297c4d.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222Representations of Alienation in Abdul Razzaq Al-Rubaye’ PoetryRepresentations of Alienation in Abdul Razzaq Al-Rubaye’ Poetry3564100544FASadegh AlboghbeyshschoolRasool BallawyUniversity of the Persian Gulf, BushehrJournal Article20190902Religious and tribal wars and conflicts as well as sanctions, and consequently starvation, are factors in contemporary Iraq that have led large numbers of people to migrate and flee from their homeland. This made Iraqis felt angry, anxious, and afraid of losing their identity in exile. These humanities materials became the raw material of sociologists, philosophers, poets, and writers for the purpose of doing research on the immigrants’ personality. The emergence of alienation in contemporary poets' poetry has been the result of abnormal political theories in the last few decades, because the term "alienation" has had a profound effect on poets. The escape from the homeland, the sensation of life's absurdity, makes one feel isolated and alienated, and all these principles are defined in the framework of alienation.<br /> Abdul Razzaq al-Rubaye, a 1980s poet who spent his life in Iraq during the war and sanctions, found many prominent literary figures in the prisons of the Ba'ath Party. He was a poet who observed in Iraqi history a prominent civilization and culture, seeing his homeland’s cultural, economic, and social beliefs in crisis. This made him appear in his life and poetry, even before leaving the country, bringing his home opaque and bringing nostalgia to his homeland and past. Using a descriptive-analytic approach, the present research attempts to observe the signs of alienation in Abdul Razzaq Al-Rubaye’ poetry and examine related theories, including social, mental, sedentary, altruistic, temporal, and spatial ones, as well as their negative consequencesReligious and tribal wars and conflicts as well as sanctions, and consequently starvation, are factors in contemporary Iraq that have led large numbers of people to migrate and flee from their homeland. This made Iraqis felt angry, anxious, and afraid of losing their identity in exile. These humanities materials became the raw material of sociologists, philosophers, poets, and writers for the purpose of doing research on the immigrants’ personality. The emergence of alienation in contemporary poets' poetry has been the result of abnormal political theories in the last few decades, because the term "alienation" has had a profound effect on poets. The escape from the homeland, the sensation of life's absurdity, makes one feel isolated and alienated, and all these principles are defined in the framework of alienation.<br /> Abdul Razzaq al-Rubaye, a 1980s poet who spent his life in Iraq during the war and sanctions, found many prominent literary figures in the prisons of the Ba'ath Party. He was a poet who observed in Iraqi history a prominent civilization and culture, seeing his homeland’s cultural, economic, and social beliefs in crisis. This made him appear in his life and poetry, even before leaving the country, bringing his home opaque and bringing nostalgia to his homeland and past. Using a descriptive-analytic approach, the present research attempts to observe the signs of alienation in Abdul Razzaq Al-Rubaye’ poetry and examine related theories, including social, mental, sedentary, altruistic, temporal, and spatial ones, as well as their negative consequenceshttps://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100544_2436a0b4311eb4cb987d78a82c086695.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222The Study of Power and Language Discourse in the Bamboo Stalk Novel by Saud Alsanousi based on the New Historicism ApproachThe Study of Power and Language Discourse in the Bamboo Stalk Novel by Saud Alsanousi based on the New Historicism Approach6590100545FASolmaz Porshourphd student of azarbaijan shahid madani uniMahin Hajizadehfaculty member0000-0002-3191-7052Journal Article20181121New Historicism is one of the new approaches in the field of cultural and literary studies, which mainly in the 1980s based on Green Blot's theories and other critics of new historicism. This new approach intends to delete the boundary between history and literature, and revision the relationship between them of new aspect, and thus provide a basis for criticism of the text. New historians quit the author when analyzing a text, and they know the writer is affected by discourse forces, and they pay attention to the tension relationship of discourses to analyze the meanings in the text. One of their main concerns is the power structures. Foucault, one of the most important theorists of this way of thinking, sees language as the field of power relations and the determinant of the dominant subject and Subordinate subject. The present article aims to analyze the relationship between power and language in the Bamboo Stalk Novel, by Kuwaiti novelist Saud Alsanousi, who by writing this novel, won the 6th Arabic Booker Award in 2013. The present research is going to identify with analytical and descriptive way the discourses which in this novel apply power and language through them, and mention to the facts in the text, silence and sometimes resistance, which seen from the Power objects versus the Power subject. The results of the research show that various discourses such as gender discourse, superstition discourse, lordship-servant discourse, upper class discourse and patriarchal discourse are present in this novel and each of these discourses somehow play a role in the power structures and cultural structure of the community.New Historicism is one of the new approaches in the field of cultural and literary studies, which mainly in the 1980s based on Green Blot's theories and other critics of new historicism. This new approach intends to delete the boundary between history and literature, and revision the relationship between them of new aspect, and thus provide a basis for criticism of the text. New historians quit the author when analyzing a text, and they know the writer is affected by discourse forces, and they pay attention to the tension relationship of discourses to analyze the meanings in the text. One of their main concerns is the power structures. Foucault, one of the most important theorists of this way of thinking, sees language as the field of power relations and the determinant of the dominant subject and Subordinate subject. The present article aims to analyze the relationship between power and language in the Bamboo Stalk Novel, by Kuwaiti novelist Saud Alsanousi, who by writing this novel, won the 6th Arabic Booker Award in 2013. The present research is going to identify with analytical and descriptive way the discourses which in this novel apply power and language through them, and mention to the facts in the text, silence and sometimes resistance, which seen from the Power objects versus the Power subject. The results of the research show that various discourses such as gender discourse, superstition discourse, lordship-servant discourse, upper class discourse and patriarchal discourse are present in this novel and each of these discourses somehow play a role in the power structures and cultural structure of the community.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100545_0aa5acd9bed3f38d3fb6abc8d7a2530d.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222An Analysis of Representing the Language and Themes of the Qur'an in Kamel Kilani StoriesAn Analysis of Representing the Language and Themes of the Qur'an in Kamel Kilani Stories91118100546FAMaryam Jalilianlorestan universityJournal Article20200517 Creating a link between the child's story and the verses of the Qur'an depends on the author's ability to use the Quranic language and concepts appropriately. Kamel Kilani is one of the most successful writers in the field and a pioneer of children's literature in the Arab countries. In order to consolidate the stories, he has benefited from a wide variety of Quranic verses and has been able to establish an effective balance between the language and content of the stories with the Quranic verses. Using the verses of the Quran in various forms and in the heart of imaginative, fascinating, and exciting stories that do not seem instructive in any way reflects the author's thorough knowledge of children's temperament. The present study seeks to investigate the ways of influencing Kamel Kilani stories from the Holy Qur'an via descriptive method and structure and content analysis. One of the most important of these methods is propositional borrowing. Apart from adding to the semantic, lexical, and literary richness of the text, the author also pays special attention to the rhythm of the word and music of the text, using the verses of the Qur'an. Other common forms of manifestation of the verses of the Qur'an in the context of the stories include lexical loan, and implicit, stipulate, and inspirational efficacy, which have been used in accordance with the texture of the word and its content. Creating a link between the child's story and the verses of the Qur'an depends on the author's ability to use the Quranic language and concepts appropriately. Kamel Kilani is one of the most successful writers in the field and a pioneer of children's literature in the Arab countries. In order to consolidate the stories, he has benefited from a wide variety of Quranic verses and has been able to establish an effective balance between the language and content of the stories with the Quranic verses. Using the verses of the Quran in various forms and in the heart of imaginative, fascinating, and exciting stories that do not seem instructive in any way reflects the author's thorough knowledge of children's temperament. The present study seeks to investigate the ways of influencing Kamel Kilani stories from the Holy Qur'an via descriptive method and structure and content analysis. One of the most important of these methods is propositional borrowing. Apart from adding to the semantic, lexical, and literary richness of the text, the author also pays special attention to the rhythm of the word and music of the text, using the verses of the Qur'an. Other common forms of manifestation of the verses of the Qur'an in the context of the stories include lexical loan, and implicit, stipulate, and inspirational efficacy, which have been used in accordance with the texture of the word and its content.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100546_f41338efde117c6c6cd6bb645827ba3f.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222stylistic critique of Sheikh Ahmad Waeli's social poems (Linguistic analysis)stylistic critique of Sheikh Ahmad Waeli's social poems (Linguistic analysis)119150100547FAKamal Dehghani AshkezariUniversity of TehranEz'zat Mol'la EbrahimiUniversity of Tehranmebrahim@ut.ac.irJournal Article20200519Stylistics is one of the branches of literary critique that use linguistic and rhetoric in text analysis, and in the critical and literary examination, it relies on the three main elements of the text, the author, and the audience. This research that based on structuralist stylistics, seeks to discover the hidden linguistic angles of Sheikh Ahmad Wa'eli's social poetry and from this perspective his poems have been explored at the phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results of this study show that the poet has flourished the music of his poems by using light and volatile weights as well as using a lot of effort and it rarely goes out of the scales, At the same time, the repetition of words and phrases, and especially the words of harbinger, has harmonized his speech. At the lexical level, the poet tries to remind the Muslims of the greatness of the past by calling on the past heritage. In addition, Inspired by nature, his poems are dynamic and fluent. At the syntactic level, too, the poet has tried to make the best use of the various functions of nominal and current sentences and in many poems, it eliminates harbinger 's speech.Stylistics is one of the branches of literary critique that use linguistic and rhetoric in text analysis, and in the critical and literary examination, it relies on the three main elements of the text, the author, and the audience. This research that based on structuralist stylistics, seeks to discover the hidden linguistic angles of Sheikh Ahmad Wa'eli's social poetry and from this perspective his poems have been explored at the phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results of this study show that the poet has flourished the music of his poems by using light and volatile weights as well as using a lot of effort and it rarely goes out of the scales, At the same time, the repetition of words and phrases, and especially the words of harbinger, has harmonized his speech. At the lexical level, the poet tries to remind the Muslims of the greatness of the past by calling on the past heritage. In addition, Inspired by nature, his poems are dynamic and fluent. At the syntactic level, too, the poet has tried to make the best use of the various functions of nominal and current sentences and in many poems, it eliminates harbinger 's speech.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100547_9506e8f03bd66b13e04acf83ea887a6e.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222Formalism Investigation and Analysis of Taha Surah from Leech’s point of viewFormalism Investigation and Analysis of Taha Surah from Leech’s point of view151178100548FAIbrahim Anari Bozchallouei**Associate professor of Arak University0000-0000-0000-0000Ehsan RasouliPHD student of Arak UniversityAbolfazl SajjadiAssociate professor of Arak University0000-0000-0000-0000Ahmad OmidaliAssistant professor of Arak University.0000-0000-0000-0000Journal Article20200118 Formalism is one of the theories of contemporary literary criticism in the field of literary study that emerged in Russia in the first half of the twentieth century. Foregrounding is one of the important issues of this theory and is based on the norm deviation (irregularity) and the parallelism (that is raised through the principle of extra regularity). Hence, the language of the Qur'an can be regarded as a standard language and a norm deviated one as well. But it should be noted that the norm deviation in the Qur'an does not mean that the word of God is contrary to the rules and analogies, but that the way it is expressed is different. According to the formalists, de-familiarization is a relative issue, and over the time, the literary text becomes ordinary and repetitive. However, since the literary and scientific aesthetics of the Qur'an is endless, Qur'anic scholars are continually discovering new aspects of it and thus making it dynamic. This study examined the foregrounding (norm deviation and parallelism) in Taha Surah from Leech’s point of view. It also considered the relevance and appropriateness of the construction of the verses to the content and name of the Surah based on the theory of formalism using a descriptive-analytical approach. Formalism is one of the theories of contemporary literary criticism in the field of literary study that emerged in Russia in the first half of the twentieth century. Foregrounding is one of the important issues of this theory and is based on the norm deviation (irregularity) and the parallelism (that is raised through the principle of extra regularity). Hence, the language of the Qur'an can be regarded as a standard language and a norm deviated one as well. But it should be noted that the norm deviation in the Qur'an does not mean that the word of God is contrary to the rules and analogies, but that the way it is expressed is different. According to the formalists, de-familiarization is a relative issue, and over the time, the literary text becomes ordinary and repetitive. However, since the literary and scientific aesthetics of the Qur'an is endless, Qur'anic scholars are continually discovering new aspects of it and thus making it dynamic. This study examined the foregrounding (norm deviation and parallelism) in Taha Surah from Leech’s point of view. It also considered the relevance and appropriateness of the construction of the verses to the content and name of the Surah based on the theory of formalism using a descriptive-analytical approach.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100548_1889df2fdd6a65dad7e1e844d95cdf54.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222Description of Nature, Another Motif for other Traditional Themes in the Poetry of Ibn Khafaja AndalusiDescription of Nature, Another Motif for other Traditional Themes in the Poetry of Ibn Khafaja Andalusi179212100549FAMehdi ShahrokhAssistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Mazandaran0000-0001-8137-2102Ali Babaei DamtasojLecturer of Arabic Language and Literature, Yasuoj UniversityMahmood ََ AbdananmehdizadehProfessor of Arabic Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University of AhvazJournal Article20200516"Description" is one of the prominent poetic techniques, which many poets have employed in their poetry. Characterozed by personality traits such as having a keen power of imagination, deep sentiments, rich emotions and a gentle spirit, Ibn Khafajah was attracted to nature, and as a result, description of nature is a much frequent theme in his poetry. This paper relies on the descriptive-anayltical methodology in an attempt to examine ‘description of nature’ not only as a traditional theme, but also as a motif for other traditional themes in the poetry of Ibn Khafaja. The results of this study show that description of nature is a literary technique that has helped the poet to convey thoughts, feelings and emotions. He has used the literary device of personification as the basis of his poetry and, in this way, has created vibrant and dynamic descriptions. Attention to details, the harmony between the poem, images and their intrinsic cohesion, writing engaging opening lines to arrest the attention of the reader, and attenton to colors are the prominent features that characterize Ibn Khafaja's poetic imagery, all of which add to the richness and beauty of his descriptions. His poetry is a valuable work that boasts of vocabulary on nature and this can been clearly seen in his poems, words, and descriptions of nature."Description" is one of the prominent poetic techniques, which many poets have employed in their poetry. Characterozed by personality traits such as having a keen power of imagination, deep sentiments, rich emotions and a gentle spirit, Ibn Khafajah was attracted to nature, and as a result, description of nature is a much frequent theme in his poetry. This paper relies on the descriptive-anayltical methodology in an attempt to examine ‘description of nature’ not only as a traditional theme, but also as a motif for other traditional themes in the poetry of Ibn Khafaja. The results of this study show that description of nature is a literary technique that has helped the poet to convey thoughts, feelings and emotions. He has used the literary device of personification as the basis of his poetry and, in this way, has created vibrant and dynamic descriptions. Attention to details, the harmony between the poem, images and their intrinsic cohesion, writing engaging opening lines to arrest the attention of the reader, and attenton to colors are the prominent features that characterize Ibn Khafaja's poetic imagery, all of which add to the richness and beauty of his descriptions. His poetry is a valuable work that boasts of vocabulary on nature and this can been clearly seen in his poems, words, and descriptions of nature.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100549_ae25249d462dff6e45cd55720dbbe8ab.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222Sociological criticism of Behtari's poem "Description of Wolf" according to Hippolyt TenSociological criticism of Behtari's poem "Description of Wolf" according to Hippolyt Ten213236100593FARouhollah Saiiady NezhadAssociate Professorof Kashan UniversityJournal Article20191030Sociological criticism by study of literature in historical and social context, is always seeking to hear artist's clamor. As literary work is a part of superstructural forms of society, the critic beside the text should pay attention to the environment of text. In "Description of Wolf" poem which is a conjoint whole, "Behtari" the artful and adroit poet who was very influential in the society has depicted dialectic relations of Abbasi society in those days. <br /> Therefore authors in this essay are going to sociologically criticize this poem by using descriptive-analytic method according to "Hippolyt Ten". Results of this study suggest that in this poem, Behtary has used topical equivalent to illustrate his own fillings and emotions. He has artfully and magically described historical and social concepts. This composed has totemistic layers and gray wolf is a symbol of Torks who played most important role in Abbasi society at those days. Using this kind of criticism hidden issues behind the text can be expressed and silent parts of that can be forced to speak to achieve the worldview of folk which is poverty, destitution, war and struggle of existence.Sociological criticism by study of literature in historical and social context, is always seeking to hear artist's clamor. As literary work is a part of superstructural forms of society, the critic beside the text should pay attention to the environment of text. In "Description of Wolf" poem which is a conjoint whole, "Behtari" the artful and adroit poet who was very influential in the society has depicted dialectic relations of Abbasi society in those days. <br /> Therefore authors in this essay are going to sociologically criticize this poem by using descriptive-analytic method according to "Hippolyt Ten". Results of this study suggest that in this poem, Behtary has used topical equivalent to illustrate his own fillings and emotions. He has artfully and magically described historical and social concepts. This composed has totemistic layers and gray wolf is a symbol of Torks who played most important role in Abbasi society at those days. Using this kind of criticism hidden issues behind the text can be expressed and silent parts of that can be forced to speak to achieve the worldview of folk which is poverty, destitution, war and struggle of existence.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100593_de95868f39ea6e3d8473ef6e6b7b6511.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222Painting elements in Susanna Alivan's MayafoghalvasfPainting elements in Susanna Alivan's Mayafoghalvasf237262100550FAMASOOMEH GHAHRAMANPOURدانشجوی دکترای عربیALI GHAHRAMANIAZARIJAN UNIVERSTIJournal Article20190726The study of the elements of painting is one of the interdisciplinary themes of comparative literature and with the advent of the American school in contemporary literary research , but this axis has been less welcomed despite numerous research areas. It should be noted that many poets have a penultimate approach And in fact they draw and paint with words instead of poetry . This process is very important in poetry of poets who are also painters in addition to the poetry profession. In the contemporary Arabic literature, the poets who have these two professions are not few. The most prominent figure in the Arabic poetry of the late period is Susan Aliwan, a contemporary poet and painter who is a poet of the nineteenth century. He has used many painting techniques. And there is a lot of solidarity between his paintings and His poems. As if he was painted with wax and color in his poetry books . Therefore, his poetry is a ground for the multiplicity of painting elements. This research uses a descriptive-analytic method to study the elements of painting in poetry Susan Aliwan. The result of the research shows; Susan Alywan in his poem has used various painting elements such as color, framing, symmetry and mirroring, objectivity and static. This is evident in the titles and sections of the poem of Alivan's Mayafoghalvasf.The study of the elements of painting is one of the interdisciplinary themes of comparative literature and with the advent of the American school in contemporary literary research , but this axis has been less welcomed despite numerous research areas. It should be noted that many poets have a penultimate approach And in fact they draw and paint with words instead of poetry . This process is very important in poetry of poets who are also painters in addition to the poetry profession. In the contemporary Arabic literature, the poets who have these two professions are not few. The most prominent figure in the Arabic poetry of the late period is Susan Aliwan, a contemporary poet and painter who is a poet of the nineteenth century. He has used many painting techniques. And there is a lot of solidarity between his paintings and His poems. As if he was painted with wax and color in his poetry books . Therefore, his poetry is a ground for the multiplicity of painting elements. This research uses a descriptive-analytic method to study the elements of painting in poetry Susan Aliwan. The result of the research shows; Susan Alywan in his poem has used various painting elements such as color, framing, symmetry and mirroring, objectivity and static. This is evident in the titles and sections of the poem of Alivan's Mayafoghalvasf.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100550_b34f7240df28987b7fe870c10cf33820.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222The Analysis of Philosophical Teachings in Complete Kamel Kilani Stories (A Case Study: Hayy Ibn Yaqzan)The Analysis of Philosophical Teachings in Complete Kamel Kilani Stories (A Case Study: Hayy Ibn Yaqzan)263290100551FAAhmad Lamei GivUniversity of BirjandJournal Article20200809 Philosophy is one of the topics needed by the general public whose knowledge and application is not limited to a specific group. Therefore, teaching philosophy to children is not far from the mind and outside the nature of children; Rather, raising children in this way helps them solve many problems during life. Since stories play a pivotal role in children's upbringing and nurture, it is expected to make use of stories for teaching the basics of philosophy so that the story-teller is able to convey the pure goals of the story and teach purposefull thinking to children. Among other stories having the basics and components of philosophy is the story of "Hayy Ibn Yaqzan" by Ibn Tufeil Andolosi which has been rewritten for children by Kamel Kilani. Therefore, the present study, through a descriptive-analytical methodology, aims at investigating these stories from different angles in order to find samples of philosophical teachings and their application in stories. As indicated by the results, Kilani tried to teach the philosophical tools, principles and thinking.In this regard, he did not use any particular philosophical term and included philosophical teachings in the text of the story with his fluent language and through clarification of the benefits of reason and thought. He oriented children toward discovering causal relationships between phenomena and using the senses to understand them. Kilani familiarized children with how to connect and take benefits from scientists and how to operate natural science methods such as trial and error. Philosophy is one of the topics needed by the general public whose knowledge and application is not limited to a specific group. Therefore, teaching philosophy to children is not far from the mind and outside the nature of children; Rather, raising children in this way helps them solve many problems during life. Since stories play a pivotal role in children's upbringing and nurture, it is expected to make use of stories for teaching the basics of philosophy so that the story-teller is able to convey the pure goals of the story and teach purposefull thinking to children. Among other stories having the basics and components of philosophy is the story of "Hayy Ibn Yaqzan" by Ibn Tufeil Andolosi which has been rewritten for children by Kamel Kilani. Therefore, the present study, through a descriptive-analytical methodology, aims at investigating these stories from different angles in order to find samples of philosophical teachings and their application in stories. As indicated by the results, Kilani tried to teach the philosophical tools, principles and thinking.In this regard, he did not use any particular philosophical term and included philosophical teachings in the text of the story with his fluent language and through clarification of the benefits of reason and thought. He oriented children toward discovering causal relationships between phenomena and using the senses to understand them. Kilani familiarized children with how to connect and take benefits from scientists and how to operate natural science methods such as trial and error.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100551_1a508824d7b1cb45135d3cfa4e2e066f.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222بررسی روانشناسانه ی کتاب " الایام" طه حسین بر اساس نظریه ی آلفرد آدلربررسی روانشناسانه ی کتاب " الایام" طه حسین بر اساس نظریه ی آلفرد آدلر291316100552FAAkram BayatiTehran universityJournal Article20191101چکیده:<br /> از آنجا که سالهای اولیه زندگی و دوران کودکی و نوجوانی، نقش اساسی و مهمی را در شکلگیری صفات مختلف داشته و ساختمان شخصیتی هر فرد را که تابع وراثت، محیط، سبک زندگی و نحوهی تعلیم و تربیتش میباشد را شکل میدهد، از این رو بررسی خاطرات یک فرد به خصوص در روانشناسی فردی آلفرد آدلر، دارای اهمیت بسیاری است؛ چرا که به انسانِ آگاه این قدرت و امکان را میدهد که با ارزیابی و بررسی زیرسازهای عاطفی آن، تا حد زیادی به زوایای پنهان بسیاری از رفتارهای شخص پی برده و چرایی آنها را دریابد. مقالهی پیش رو نیز با تکیه بر روش توصیفی تحلیلی به بررسی کتاب ارزشمند «الایام» از این منظر پرداخته و دو اصل از اصول نظریهی آلفرد آدلر یعنی «احساس حقارت» و «سبک زندگی» را با توجه به اهمیت آنها در زندگی طه حسین، اساس کار خود قرار داده است. یافتههای این پژوهش نشان میدهد که احساس ناخوشایند حقارت همیشه همراه طه حسین بوده و پیوسته او را رنجانده است. احساسی که سبب شد تا وی هنر نویسندگی خود را اینبار در الایامی به نمایش گذارد که بتواند به وسیلهی آن از بار برخی غمها رهایی یابد؛ اما روحیهی مبارزه طلبی و مقاومتی که طه با آن زاده شد، هرگز این اجازه را به وی نداد که قربانی نقص خویش شده و دنباله رو جهل و نادانی مردمی باشد که او را به سبب آفتی که داشت ناتوان از هر کاری میپنداشتند.چکیده:<br /> از آنجا که سالهای اولیه زندگی و دوران کودکی و نوجوانی، نقش اساسی و مهمی را در شکلگیری صفات مختلف داشته و ساختمان شخصیتی هر فرد را که تابع وراثت، محیط، سبک زندگی و نحوهی تعلیم و تربیتش میباشد را شکل میدهد، از این رو بررسی خاطرات یک فرد به خصوص در روانشناسی فردی آلفرد آدلر، دارای اهمیت بسیاری است؛ چرا که به انسانِ آگاه این قدرت و امکان را میدهد که با ارزیابی و بررسی زیرسازهای عاطفی آن، تا حد زیادی به زوایای پنهان بسیاری از رفتارهای شخص پی برده و چرایی آنها را دریابد. مقالهی پیش رو نیز با تکیه بر روش توصیفی تحلیلی به بررسی کتاب ارزشمند «الایام» از این منظر پرداخته و دو اصل از اصول نظریهی آلفرد آدلر یعنی «احساس حقارت» و «سبک زندگی» را با توجه به اهمیت آنها در زندگی طه حسین، اساس کار خود قرار داده است. یافتههای این پژوهش نشان میدهد که احساس ناخوشایند حقارت همیشه همراه طه حسین بوده و پیوسته او را رنجانده است. احساسی که سبب شد تا وی هنر نویسندگی خود را اینبار در الایامی به نمایش گذارد که بتواند به وسیلهی آن از بار برخی غمها رهایی یابد؛ اما روحیهی مبارزه طلبی و مقاومتی که طه با آن زاده شد، هرگز این اجازه را به وی نداد که قربانی نقص خویش شده و دنباله رو جهل و نادانی مردمی باشد که او را به سبب آفتی که داشت ناتوان از هر کاری میپنداشتند.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100552_d58b95072454d0841fd967504378cd05.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityArabic Literature Bulletin2588-683591920191222Investigating and analyzing the defense mechanisms in"Al-eterafat" novelInvestigating and analyzing the defense mechanisms in"Al-eterafat" novel317342100553FAMehran Najafi Hajivarدکترای زبان و ادبیات عربی و استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی-گروه ادبیات داستانی0000-0002-2843-2492Journal Article20191014Abstract<br /> Since war causes the most severe forms of fear, stress, anxiety and frustration in people involved in war, subconsciously, these components develop in the course of the war. The aforementioned novel by Rabi Jabber describes the events of Lebanon's internal affairs and the psychological stresses posed by it that can be seen from various aspects of Freudian psychoanalysis. In this novel, the effects and characteristics of war and defense such as fear, anxiety, and defense mechanisms and resistance to the enemy are expressed. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the effects of anxiety fear and defense mechanisms in in"Al-eterafat" novel. The present research methodology is descriptive-analytical. Some individuals have the potential to reduce the psychological and emotional distress caused by the fear and anxiety of the war to the means of confronting and the defense mechanism (albeit more conscientiously), such as the use of narcotics, memorizing, suppress memories, cursing to the enemy, resort to prayer, and their Crying for the dead.Abstract<br /> Since war causes the most severe forms of fear, stress, anxiety and frustration in people involved in war, subconsciously, these components develop in the course of the war. The aforementioned novel by Rabi Jabber describes the events of Lebanon's internal affairs and the psychological stresses posed by it that can be seen from various aspects of Freudian psychoanalysis. In this novel, the effects and characteristics of war and defense such as fear, anxiety, and defense mechanisms and resistance to the enemy are expressed. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the effects of anxiety fear and defense mechanisms in in"Al-eterafat" novel. The present research methodology is descriptive-analytical. Some individuals have the potential to reduce the psychological and emotional distress caused by the fear and anxiety of the war to the means of confronting and the defense mechanism (albeit more conscientiously), such as the use of narcotics, memorizing, suppress memories, cursing to the enemy, resort to prayer, and their Crying for the dead.https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_100553_202658dd72ffb2fd0b95e67574ba71ab.pdf