Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 Multi-voice dissonant techniques in Raheel's novel by Jihad al-Rajabi Multi-voice dissonant techniques in Raheel's novel by Jihad al-Rajabi 1 15 103226 10.29252/jalc.2023.229922.1206 FA Parastoo Ghiasvand University of Tehran Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi professor of Tehran University Journal Article 2022 12 24 polyphonic is one of the most original theories proposed by Russian theorist Mikhail Bakhtin and has paved the way for new research on the complexities of novel prose. Bakhtin, in the novel genre, sees a capacity to field voices that he believes cannot be found in other literary types. In a multi-voice novel, because of the justice in its space, the voice of different characters are heard by the audience and are even allowed to disagree with the author's desire and opinion, as well as a connection and dialogue between the text of the novel and other texts, and their voices are heard. Gradually, the concept of dialogue has become more dynamic and widespread in the range of theories of literary studies, in a way that has created diverse and diverse considerations and considerations. Among the novels in which polyphonic capacity is evident is the novel "Raheel" by Ms. Jihad al-Rajabi, a contemporary, Islamist and Palestinian writer who, although he has an Islamist view of the Palestinian resistance, does not impose his view on the characters of the story, because of the democracy in the novel Raheel's novel can be part of multi-voiced novels because of its dialogue and free expression of ideology and thinking of fictional characters and with the benefit of polyphony components according to Mikhail Bakhtin's theory, such as dialogue, interfaith so the author in this study is to investigate the polyphony technique in Raheel's novel, which is one of the most prominent works of Jihad al-Rajabi. polyphonic is one of the most original theories proposed by Russian theorist Mikhail Bakhtin and has paved the way for new research on the complexities of novel prose. Bakhtin, in the novel genre, sees a capacity to field voices that he believes cannot be found in other literary types. In a multi-voice novel, because of the justice in its space, the voice of different characters are heard by the audience and are even allowed to disagree with the author's desire and opinion, as well as a connection and dialogue between the text of the novel and other texts, and their voices are heard. Gradually, the concept of dialogue has become more dynamic and widespread in the range of theories of literary studies, in a way that has created diverse and diverse considerations and considerations. Among the novels in which polyphonic capacity is evident is the novel "Raheel" by Ms. Jihad al-Rajabi, a contemporary, Islamist and Palestinian writer who, although he has an Islamist view of the Palestinian resistance, does not impose his view on the characters of the story, because of the democracy in the novel Raheel's novel can be part of multi-voiced novels because of its dialogue and free expression of ideology and thinking of fictional characters and with the benefit of polyphony components according to Mikhail Bakhtin's theory, such as dialogue, interfaith so the author in this study is to investigate the polyphony technique in Raheel's novel, which is one of the most prominent works of Jihad al-Rajabi. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_103226_09feab9661466d8d732bbd38a509bcbb.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 Examining the process of exercising power in the novel of Seyidat Al-Hawas al-Khams Based on Norman Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis Examining the process of exercising power in the novel of Seyidat Al-Hawas al-Khams Based on Norman Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis 16 30 105239 10.48308/jalc.2024.232277.1253 FA Masome Taghizadeh Department of Arabic, Faculty of Literature, University of Tehran Hasan Mogaddasi Faculty of Literature, University of Tehran 0000-0003-0743-6934 Journal Article 2023 07 05 Discourse analysis is a qualitative research method that is related to other human sciences and is also used in the field of literary works analysis. Critical discourse analysis is one of the subsets of discourse analysis that has a strong connection with linguistics, and Norman Fairclough is one of its most famous theorists, who by presenting his model on three levels of description, interpretation and explanation, allows literature researchers to analyze literary works and the process of exercising power. and contrast social classes. Due to the change in the management structure in Arab countries, Arab writers in their novels express various topics such as the clash of Western and Eastern culture, cultural alienation, extremism and dictatorship, and show the effect of the government's power against the social classes. The novel Sayyadat al-Hawas al-Khams by Jalal Burgess is a social novel written by a Jordanian writer who has shown many recent developments in the Arab world with a historical perspective. The current research tries to investigate the opposition of official and critical discourse in this novel based on Fairclough's theory. The results of the research indicate that the official discourse, led by the government and influential capitalists such as Suleiman Al-Tala, use power against the lower classes of society and women for their own benefit, and parallel to that, a critical discourse to create positive changes in Jordanian society. tries. Discourse analysis is a qualitative research method that is related to other human sciences and is also used in the field of literary works analysis. Critical discourse analysis is one of the subsets of discourse analysis that has a strong connection with linguistics, and Norman Fairclough is one of its most famous theorists, who by presenting his model on three levels of description, interpretation and explanation, allows literature researchers to analyze literary works and the process of exercising power. and contrast social classes. Due to the change in the management structure in Arab countries, Arab writers in their novels express various topics such as the clash of Western and Eastern culture, cultural alienation, extremism and dictatorship, and show the effect of the government's power against the social classes. The novel Sayyadat al-Hawas al-Khams by Jalal Burgess is a social novel written by a Jordanian writer who has shown many recent developments in the Arab world with a historical perspective. The current research tries to investigate the opposition of official and critical discourse in this novel based on Fairclough's theory. The results of the research indicate that the official discourse, led by the government and influential capitalists such as Suleiman Al-Tala, use power against the lower classes of society and women for their own benefit, and parallel to that, a critical discourse to create positive changes in Jordanian society. tries. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105239_5eddff19410e7d4429415c2aadeac7e1.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 Analyzing carnival elements in the novel "Azazil" by Yusef Zidan based on Bakhtin's theory Analyzing carnival elements in the novel "Azazil" by Yusef Zidan based on Bakhtin's theory 31 47 105240 10.48308/jalc.2025.235132.1314 FA Abdolahad Gheibi professor, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University 0000-0002-6988-9640 Mahin Hajizadeh Professor of Arab Language and Literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University 0000-0002-3191-7052 Ali Mohamadzadeh Soltanahmadi PhD student in Arabic Language and Literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University 0009-0002-0373-1477 Journal Article 2024 03 16 Mikhail Bakhtin, a prominent theorist of the 20th century in the field of literary criticism, created a new atmosphere in various fields, including literature, with the theory of dialogic logic. In the meantime, "Bakhtin's polyphonic theory" induces another reading of the text and guides the audience to discover the inner layers, various and sometimes hidden and unspoken sounds of the text. One of the main characteristics of this theory is the carnival, the most obvious feature of which is the elimination of accepted official demarcations, the transformation and overturning of dominant principles by the institutions and discourses of power. This means that the carnival disrupts the monophonic atmosphere of the society and creates a polyphonic society with diverse conversations. Therefore, the present essay, while analyzing the key concepts of Bakhtin's conversational logic and polyphony, aims to apply and explain the criteria of Bakhtin's carnival speech theory in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan in an analytical-descriptive way. The results of the research show that many of these components, such as the fusion of contradictory feelings, the use of coronation and coronation, parody and holy parody, market street language, dual oppositions and relativity, the theme of death, the motive of feasting, the theme Niqab, the breaking of the official values imposed on the monophonic society and the promotion of multi-vocalism, is present in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan. The presence of such elements makes the novel even more dynamic and creates an atmosphere where a Christian person can freely criticize the official atmosphere ruling the society despite the rigid rules and laws of Christianity.<br />Mikhail Bakhtin, a prominent theorist of the 20th century in the field of literary criticism, created a new atmosphere in various fields, including literature, with the theory of dialogic logic. In the meantime, "Bakhtin's polyphonic theory" induces another reading of the text and guides the audience to discover the inner layers, various and sometimes hidden and unspoken sounds of the text. One of the main characteristics of this theory is the carnival, the most obvious feature of which is the elimination of accepted official demarcations, the transformation and overturning of dominant principles by the institutions and discourses of power. This means that the carnival disrupts the monophonic atmosphere of the society and creates a polyphonic society with diverse conversations. Therefore, the present essay, while analyzing the key concepts of Bakhtin's conversational logic and polyphony, aims to apply and explain the criteria of Bakhtin's carnival speech theory in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan in an analytical-descriptive way. The results of the research show that many of these components, such as the fusion of contradictory feelings, the use of coronation and coronation, parody and holy parody, market street language, dual oppositions and relativity, the theme of death, the motive of feasting, the theme Niqab, the breaking of the official values imposed on the monophonic society and the promotion of multi-vocalism, is present in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan. The presence of such elements makes the novel even more dynamic and creates an atmosphere where a Christian person can freely criticize the official atmosphere ruling the society despite the rigid rules and laws of Christianity.<br />Mikhail Bakhtin, a prominent theorist of the 20th century in the field of literary criticism, created a new atmosphere in various fields, including literature, with the theory of dialogic logic. In the meantime, "Bakhtin's polyphonic theory" induces another reading of the text and guides the audience to discover the inner layers, various and sometimes hidden and unspoken sounds of the text. One of the main characteristics of this theory is the carnival, the most obvious feature of which is the elimination of accepted official demarcations, the transformation and overturning of dominant principles by the institutions and discourses of power. This means that the carnival disrupts the monophonic atmosphere of the society and creates a polyphonic society with diverse conversations. Therefore, the present essay, while analyzing the key concepts of Bakhtin's conversational logic and polyphony, aims to apply and explain the criteria of Bakhtin's carnival speech theory in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan in an analytical-descriptive way. The results of the research show that many of these components, such as the fusion of contradictory feelings, the use of coronation and coronation, parody and holy parody, market street language, dual oppositions and relativity, the theme of death, the motive of feasting, the theme Niqab, the breaking of the official values imposed on the monophonic society and the promotion of multi-vocalism, is present in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan. The presence of such elements makes the novel even more dynamic and creates an atmosphere where a Christian person can freely criticize the official atmosphere ruling the society despite the rigid rules and laws of Christianity. Mikhail Bakhtin, a prominent theorist of the 20th century in the field of literary criticism, created a new atmosphere in various fields, including literature, with the theory of dialogic logic. In the meantime, "Bakhtin's polyphonic theory" induces another reading of the text and guides the audience to discover the inner layers, various and sometimes hidden and unspoken sounds of the text. One of the main characteristics of this theory is the carnival, the most obvious feature of which is the elimination of accepted official demarcations, the transformation and overturning of dominant principles by the institutions and discourses of power. This means that the carnival disrupts the monophonic atmosphere of the society and creates a polyphonic society with diverse conversations. Therefore, the present essay, while analyzing the key concepts of Bakhtin's conversational logic and polyphony, aims to apply and explain the criteria of Bakhtin's carnival speech theory in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan in an analytical-descriptive way. The results of the research show that many of these components, such as the fusion of contradictory feelings, the use of coronation and coronation, parody and holy parody, market street language, dual oppositions and relativity, the theme of death, the motive of feasting, the theme Niqab, the breaking of the official values imposed on the monophonic society and the promotion of multi-vocalism, is present in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan. The presence of such elements makes the novel even more dynamic and creates an atmosphere where a Christian person can freely criticize the official atmosphere ruling the society despite the rigid rules and laws of Christianity.<br />Mikhail Bakhtin, a prominent theorist of the 20th century in the field of literary criticism, created a new atmosphere in various fields, including literature, with the theory of dialogic logic. In the meantime, "Bakhtin's polyphonic theory" induces another reading of the text and guides the audience to discover the inner layers, various and sometimes hidden and unspoken sounds of the text. One of the main characteristics of this theory is the carnival, the most obvious feature of which is the elimination of accepted official demarcations, the transformation and overturning of dominant principles by the institutions and discourses of power. This means that the carnival disrupts the monophonic atmosphere of the society and creates a polyphonic society with diverse conversations. Therefore, the present essay, while analyzing the key concepts of Bakhtin's conversational logic and polyphony, aims to apply and explain the criteria of Bakhtin's carnival speech theory in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan in an analytical-descriptive way. The results of the research show that many of these components, such as the fusion of contradictory feelings, the use of coronation and coronation, parody and holy parody, market street language, dual oppositions and relativity, the theme of death, the motive of feasting, the theme Niqab, the breaking of the official values imposed on the monophonic society and the promotion of multi-vocalism, is present in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan. The presence of such elements makes the novel even more dynamic and creates an atmosphere where a Christian person can freely criticize the official atmosphere ruling the society despite the rigid rules and laws of Christianity.<br />Mikhail Bakhtin, a prominent theorist of the 20th century in the field of literary criticism, created a new atmosphere in various fields, including literature, with the theory of dialogic logic. In the meantime, "Bakhtin's polyphonic theory" induces another reading of the text and guides the audience to discover the inner layers, various and sometimes hidden and unspoken sounds of the text. One of the main characteristics of this theory is the carnival, the most obvious feature of which is the elimination of accepted official demarcations, the transformation and overturning of dominant principles by the institutions and discourses of power. This means that the carnival disrupts the monophonic atmosphere of the society and creates a polyphonic society with diverse conversations. Therefore, the present essay, while analyzing the key concepts of Bakhtin's conversational logic and polyphony, aims to apply and explain the criteria of Bakhtin's carnival speech theory in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan in an analytical-descriptive way. The results of the research show that many of these components, such as the fusion of contradictory feelings, the use of coronation and coronation, parody and holy parody, market street language, dual oppositions and relativity, the theme of death, the motive of feasting, the theme Niqab, the breaking of the official values imposed on the monophonic society and the promotion of multi-vocalism, is present in the novel of Azazil Yousef Zidan. The presence of such elements makes the novel even more dynamic and creates an atmosphere where a Christian person can freely criticize the official atmosphere ruling the society despite the rigid rules and laws of Christianity. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105240_13ff8eee5fdf8d423cb63ab413eedefb.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 Analysis and visualization of the Arabic Citation Index in the Web of Science platform Analysis and visualization of the Arabic Citation Index in the Web of Science platform 48 69 105241 10.48308/jalc.2025.235017.1311 FA Rasool Dehghanzad Shahreza Arabic literature language. university of qom. qom.iran 0009-0009-9486-8292 Jafar Ebadollah Amoqin Information science and epistemology. uneversity of qom.qom.iran 0000-0003-1465-8471 Iman Narimani Information science and epistemology. uneversity of qom.qom.iran Journal Article 2024 03 08 The present study tries to analyze and illustrate the indexed scientific productions related to Arabic literature researches in the Web of Science citation platform in order to help scientific policy making in this field. The current research is of an applied type and has been carried out using the methods of co-lexical analysis and network analysis. The research community includes all indexed information records related to Arabic literature in the Web of Science platform from the beginning to September 2023. A number of 881 information records, including articles, books, editor's remarks, conference abstracts, notes, etc., have been used in this research. The data analysis has been done using three softwares: Ves Viewer, Ucint and Babel Excel. Data analysis showed that keywords such as Arabic literature, translation, and modern Arabic literature were the most frequent keywords in the field of Arabic literature, respectively. Also, keywords such as: "Asian Studies-Literature", "Literary Theory & Criticism-Literature" and "History-Religion" have the most co-occurrence among the studied texts. The cluster analysis of the target keywords showed that this area includes 11 main clusters. The most important clusters based on synonym analysis showed that cluster one with 9 keywords is mainly related to the subject of Arabic literature, which has a stronger relationship with keywords such as "pedagogy" and "nahda".In terms of the amount of scientific productions in the field of Arabic literature, the United States of America is at the top with 198 degrees, and the United Kingdom ranks second with a difference of 134 degrees.<br />The present study tries to analyze and illustrate the indexed scientific productions related to Arabic literature researches in the Web of Science citation platform in order to help scientific policy making in this field. The current research is of an applied type and has been carried out using the methods of co-lexical analysis and network analysis. The research community includes all indexed information records related to Arabic literature in the Web of Science platform from the beginning to September 2023. A number of 881 information records, including articles, books, editor's remarks, conference abstracts, notes, etc., have been used in this research. The data analysis has been done using three softwares: Ves Viewer, Ucint and Babel Excel. Data analysis showed that keywords such as Arabic literature, translation, and modern Arabic literature were the most frequent keywords in the field of Arabic literature, respectively. Also, keywords such as: "Asian Studies-Literature", "Literary Theory & Criticism-Literature" and "History-Religion" have the most co-occurrence among the studied texts. The cluster analysis of the target keywords showed that this area includes 11 main clusters. The most important clusters based on synonym analysis showed that cluster one with 9 keywords is mainly related to the subject of Arabic literature, which has a stronger relationship with keywords such as "pedagogy" and "nahda".In terms of the amount of scientific productions in the field of Arabic literature, the United States of America is at the top with 198 degrees, and the United Kingdom ranks second with a difference of 134 degrees.<br />The present study tries to analyze and illustrate the indexed scientific productions related to Arabic literature researches in the Web of Science citation platform in order to help scientific policy making in this field. The current research is of an applied type and has been carried out using the methods of co-lexical analysis and network analysis. The research community includes all indexed information records related to Arabic literature in the Web of Science platform from the beginning to September 2023. A number of 881 information records, including articles, books, editor's remarks, conference abstracts, notes, etc., have been used in this research. The data analysis has been done using three softwares: Ves Viewer, Ucint and Babel Excel. Data analysis showed that keywords such as Arabic literature, translation, and modern Arabic literature were the most frequent keywords in the field of Arabic literature, respectively. Also, keywords such as: "Asian Studies-Literature", "Literary Theory & Criticism-Literature" and "History-Religion" have the most co-occurrence among the studied texts. The cluster analysis of the target keywords showed that this area includes 11 main clusters. The most important clusters based on synonym analysis showed that cluster one with 9 keywords is mainly related to the subject of Arabic literature, which has a stronger relationship with keywords such as "pedagogy" and "nahda".In terms of the amount of scientific productions in the field of Arabic literature, the United States of America is at the top with 198 degrees, and the United Kingdom ranks second with a difference of 134 degrees. The present study tries to analyze and illustrate the indexed scientific productions related to Arabic literature researches in the Web of Science citation platform in order to help scientific policy making in this field. The current research is of an applied type and has been carried out using the methods of co-lexical analysis and network analysis. The research community includes all indexed information records related to Arabic literature in the Web of Science platform from the beginning to September 2023. A number of 881 information records, including articles, books, editor's remarks, conference abstracts, notes, etc., have been used in this research. The data analysis has been done using three softwares: Ves Viewer, Ucint and Babel Excel. Data analysis showed that keywords such as Arabic literature, translation, and modern Arabic literature were the most frequent keywords in the field of Arabic literature, respectively. Also, keywords such as: "Asian Studies-Literature", "Literary Theory & Criticism-Literature" and "History-Religion" have the most co-occurrence among the studied texts. The cluster analysis of the target keywords showed that this area includes 11 main clusters. The most important clusters based on synonym analysis showed that cluster one with 9 keywords is mainly related to the subject of Arabic literature, which has a stronger relationship with keywords such as "pedagogy" and "nahda".In terms of the amount of scientific productions in the field of Arabic literature, the United States of America is at the top with 198 degrees, and the United Kingdom ranks second with a difference of 134 degrees.<br />The present study tries to analyze and illustrate the indexed scientific productions related to Arabic literature researches in the Web of Science citation platform in order to help scientific policy making in this field. The current research is of an applied type and has been carried out using the methods of co-lexical analysis and network analysis. The research community includes all indexed information records related to Arabic literature in the Web of Science platform from the beginning to September 2023. A number of 881 information records, including articles, books, editor's remarks, conference abstracts, notes, etc., have been used in this research. The data analysis has been done using three softwares: Ves Viewer, Ucint and Babel Excel. Data analysis showed that keywords such as Arabic literature, translation, and modern Arabic literature were the most frequent keywords in the field of Arabic literature, respectively. Also, keywords such as: "Asian Studies-Literature", "Literary Theory & Criticism-Literature" and "History-Religion" have the most co-occurrence among the studied texts. The cluster analysis of the target keywords showed that this area includes 11 main clusters. The most important clusters based on synonym analysis showed that cluster one with 9 keywords is mainly related to the subject of Arabic literature, which has a stronger relationship with keywords such as "pedagogy" and "nahda".In terms of the amount of scientific productions in the field of Arabic literature, the United States of America is at the top with 198 degrees, and the United Kingdom ranks second with a difference of 134 degrees.<br />The present study tries to analyze and illustrate the indexed scientific productions related to Arabic literature researches in the Web of Science citation platform in order to help scientific policy making in this field. The current research is of an applied type and has been carried out using the methods of co-lexical analysis and network analysis. The research community includes all indexed information records related to Arabic literature in the Web of Science platform from the beginning to September 2023. A number of 881 information records, including articles, books, editor's remarks, conference abstracts, notes, etc., have been used in this research. The data analysis has been done using three softwares: Ves Viewer, Ucint and Babel Excel. Data analysis showed that keywords such as Arabic literature, translation, and modern Arabic literature were the most frequent keywords in the field of Arabic literature, respectively. Also, keywords such as: "Asian Studies-Literature", "Literary Theory & Criticism-Literature" and "History-Religion" have the most co-occurrence among the studied texts. The cluster analysis of the target keywords showed that this area includes 11 main clusters. The most important clusters based on synonym analysis showed that cluster one with 9 keywords is mainly related to the subject of Arabic literature, which has a stronger relationship with keywords such as "pedagogy" and "nahda".In terms of the amount of scientific productions in the field of Arabic literature, the United States of America is at the top with 198 degrees, and the United Kingdom ranks second with a difference of 134 degrees. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105241_85fbf1355247260259ec275bdd8ef31b.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 The Semantic Transformation of Quranic Words (A Case Study of Ilil and Nahar) The Semantic Transformation of Quranic Words (A Case Study of Ilil and Nahar) 70 83 105242 10.48308/jalc.2025.233079.1269 FA Elahe Mokhtari kharazmi university Ali Pirani Shal kharazmi university 0000-0001-9462-740x Journal Article 2023 09 13 Understanding the words of the Holy Quran is one of the criteria for understanding this divine book, and every commentator must rely on the meanings of the words to present his opinion and express his interpretation of the verse. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the semantic evolution of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and to prove that although the semantic evolution of the word expresses more than one meaning for it. In this research, it has been tried to deal with it with a descriptive-analytical method, relying on semantics and mentioning some examples from the Holy Quran.<br />The words al-Lil and al-Nahar are two examples that in this writing and in the process of their semantic evolution have a different but related meaning to their original meaning, which has been addressed by relying on interpretive sources while explaining the verses.<br />According to the studies and researches carried out in the field of the semantic change of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and the study of its semantic evolution, it was discovered that these two words have undergone changes due to the passage of time. And their meanings, from the eggs of the birds, the light between sunrise and sunset, the darkness between sunset and sunrise, have changed and become today, which means night and day. These two words first had a transitional meaning change and then their meaning was developed and expanded and became the current meaning of night and day.<br />Understanding the words of the Holy Quran is one of the criteria for understanding this divine book, and every commentator must rely on the meanings of the words to present his opinion and express his interpretation of the verse. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the semantic evolution of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and to prove that although the semantic evolution of the word expresses more than one meaning for it. In this research, it has been tried to deal with it with a descriptive-analytical method, relying on semantics and mentioning some examples from the Holy Quran.<br />The words al-Lil and al-Nahar are two examples that in this writing and in the process of their semantic evolution have a different but related meaning to their original meaning, which has been addressed by relying on interpretive sources while explaining the verses.<br />According to the studies and researches carried out in the field of the semantic change of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and the study of its semantic evolution, it was discovered that these two words have undergone changes due to the passage of time. And their meanings, from the eggs of the birds, the light between sunrise and sunset, the darkness between sunset and sunrise, have changed and become today, which means night and day. These two words first had a transitional meaning change and then their meaning was developed and expanded and became the current meaning of night and day.<br />Understanding the words of the Holy Quran is one of the criteria for understanding this divine book, and every commentator must rely on the meanings of the words to present his opinion and express his interpretation of the verse. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the semantic evolution of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and to prove that although the semantic evolution of the word expresses more than one meaning for it. In this research, it has been tried to deal with it with a descriptive-analytical method, relying on semantics and mentioning some examples from the Holy Quran.<br />The words al-Lil and al-Nahar are two examples that in this writing and in the process of their semantic evolution have a different but related meaning to their original meaning, which has been addressed by relying on interpretive sources while explaining the verses.<br />According to the studies and researches carried out in the field of the semantic change of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and the study of its semantic evolution, it was discovered that these two words have undergone changes due to the passage of time. And their meanings, from the eggs of the birds, the light between sunrise and sunset, the darkness between sunset and sunrise, have changed and become today, which means night and day. These two words first had a transitional meaning change and then their meaning was developed and expanded and became the current meaning of night and day.<br />relying on interpretive sources while explaining the verses.<br />According to the studies and researches carried out in the field of the semantic change of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and the study of its semantic evolution, it was discovered that these two words have undergone changes due to the passage of time. And their meanings, from the eggs of the birds, the light between sunrise and sunset, the darkness between sunset and sunrise, have changed and become today, which means night and day. These two words first had a transitional meaning change and then their meaning was developed and expanded and became the current meaning of night and day. Understanding the words of the Holy Quran is one of the criteria for understanding this divine book, and every commentator must rely on the meanings of the words to present his opinion and express his interpretation of the verse. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the semantic evolution of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and to prove that although the semantic evolution of the word expresses more than one meaning for it. In this research, it has been tried to deal with it with a descriptive-analytical method, relying on semantics and mentioning some examples from the Holy Quran.<br />The words al-Lil and al-Nahar are two examples that in this writing and in the process of their semantic evolution have a different but related meaning to their original meaning, which has been addressed by relying on interpretive sources while explaining the verses.<br />According to the studies and researches carried out in the field of the semantic change of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and the study of its semantic evolution, it was discovered that these two words have undergone changes due to the passage of time. And their meanings, from the eggs of the birds, the light between sunrise and sunset, the darkness between sunset and sunrise, have changed and become today, which means night and day. These two words first had a transitional meaning change and then their meaning was developed and expanded and became the current meaning of night and day.<br />Understanding the words of the Holy Quran is one of the criteria for understanding this divine book, and every commentator must rely on the meanings of the words to present his opinion and express his interpretation of the verse. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the semantic evolution of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and to prove that although the semantic evolution of the word expresses more than one meaning for it. In this research, it has been tried to deal with it with a descriptive-analytical method, relying on semantics and mentioning some examples from the Holy Quran.<br />The words al-Lil and al-Nahar are two examples that in this writing and in the process of their semantic evolution have a different but related meaning to their original meaning, which has been addressed by relying on interpretive sources while explaining the verses.<br />According to the studies and researches carried out in the field of the semantic change of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and the study of its semantic evolution, it was discovered that these two words have undergone changes due to the passage of time. And their meanings, from the eggs of the birds, the light between sunrise and sunset, the darkness between sunset and sunrise, have changed and become today, which means night and day. These two words first had a transitional meaning change and then their meaning was developed and expanded and became the current meaning of night and day.<br />Understanding the words of the Holy Quran is one of the criteria for understanding this divine book, and every commentator must rely on the meanings of the words to present his opinion and express his interpretation of the verse. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the semantic evolution of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and to prove that although the semantic evolution of the word expresses more than one meaning for it. In this research, it has been tried to deal with it with a descriptive-analytical method, relying on semantics and mentioning some examples from the Holy Quran.<br />The words al-Lil and al-Nahar are two examples that in this writing and in the process of their semantic evolution have a different but related meaning to their original meaning, which has been addressed by relying on interpretive sources while explaining the verses.<br />According to the studies and researches carried out in the field of the semantic change of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and the study of its semantic evolution, it was discovered that these two words have undergone changes due to the passage of time. And their meanings, from the eggs of the birds, the light between sunrise and sunset, the darkness between sunset and sunrise, have changed and become today, which means night and day. These two words first had a transitional meaning change and then their meaning was developed and expanded and became the current meaning of night and day.<br />relying on interpretive sources while explaining the verses.<br />According to the studies and researches carried out in the field of the semantic change of the words Al-Lil and Nahar and the study of its semantic evolution, it was discovered that these two words have undergone changes due to the passage of time. And their meanings, from the eggs of the birds, the light between sunrise and sunset, the darkness between sunset and sunrise, have changed and become today, which means night and day. These two words first had a transitional meaning change and then their meaning was developed and expanded and became the current meaning of night and day. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105242_10f39a4e9c2ee00d453cd84c10667ac8.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 The image of the beloved in Pre-Islamic poetry and its comparison with Islamic period Poetry (based on: The Mu'allaqat and the Divan of Al-Mutanabbi) The image of the beloved in Pre-Islamic poetry and its comparison with Islamic period Poetry (based on: The Mu'allaqat and the Divan of Al-Mutanabbi) 84 99 105243 10.48308/jalc.2024.236363.1335 FA Saba Kazemian Department of Persian language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Human science, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-1466-6877 Kazem Dezfoulian Faculty of Persian Language and Literature, SBU University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4109-2955 Ahmad Khatami Faculty of Persian Language and Literature, SBU University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-4902-2772 Journal Article 2024 07 24 1. Purpose and introduction<br />This research aims to examine the history of similes about the beloved in the pre-and post-Islamic period, to explore the position of simile as one of the most widely used rhetorical devices in Arabic poetry, and to show the commonalities and differences between these two periods in case studies.<br />2. Methodology<br />The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and Statistical methods have also been used as necessary. It is worth mentioning that to achieve an objective and tangible result, the authors decided to choose similes from various rhetorical topics and limit it to the simile of the beloved, which is one of the broadest concepts in literary texts, and among the works composed in the Jahili period, The Mu'allaqat and the poems of the Islamic period up to (fourth century), choose " the Divan of Al-Mutanabbi" as the key works of these two periods and explore the image of the beloved in these two works. The obtained images compare with each other.<br /><br />3. findings<br />The findings of this article, which is based on extensive research for the doctoral thesis of the responsible author, are diverse and can be examined from various aspects, what is the result of this case study, in brief, is as follows:<br />- The poets of the Jahili era, especially the composers of the suspensions were familiar with rhetorical devices such as simile and metaphor, and most of their poems are mixed with a kind of simile, so that many examples of simile are used in their poetry.<br />- There are 17 non-repetitive similes about the beloved in the seven verses.<br />- The general simile in describing the beloved prevails over other types of simile.<br />- The similes of Jahili poets are generally of a perceptible type.<br />- Pre-Islamic poets have a realistic approach to describing the beloved.<br />- A comparison of the depiction of the beloved in the Mu'allaqat and the Divan Matnabi shows that until the fourth century of the lunar calendar, Arabic poetry was inclined to images close to reality and the use of thermal imagery was one of the most common types of similes. The way of looking at the beloved in both works is limited to the description of the physical dimensions of his existence, and the human emotions and spirits of the beloved have not been paid attention to.<br /><br />4. Discussion and results<br />- The authors of this article have sought answers to these questions, what are the similes of the lover in Jahili poetry from a technical and structural point of view? What was the type of view of the Jahili poet in the description of the beloved and female characteristics? Over time, what differences have been introduced in the construction and content of the similes of the beloved, which perhaps distinguish the beloved of the Islamic period from the pre_islamic lover ?<br />- The authors assume that similes in Jahili poetry have a basic, simple and complete structure, and the elements of the simile are often fully mentioned, and both sides of the simile are often sensual.- Paying attention to the beloved and female beauty in Jahili poetry by creating simple, realistic, and detail-oriented images, and over time, especially under the influence of the emergence of Islam and the revelation of the Qur'an, the eloquence of the images around the beloved has increased and strengthened and has a new face. A more imaginative picture of the beloved has been drawn, and wider dimensions of his existence have been taken into consideration.<br />- The third assumption is that poetry in the Islamic period usually has special complexities and more imagination in the construction and content of similes and presents a different image of the beloved. The research results show that:<br />- According to the predictions and hypothesis of the authors, the structure of the similes of the lover in the poems is simpler and more basic than the textual poetry, at the same time, the compound simile is used more in Jahili poetry than the textual poetry, which results in dynamic and novel images in the description of the beloved. Is; Probably, the detail-oriented and realistic view of the pre-Islamic Arabs on the world was effective in the formation of this type of simile.<br />- The poets Al-Alaqat and Mantabi are completely sensuous and nature-oriented in their imagery, and based on what this research showed, both of them used sensory similes to describe the beloved and borrowed tangible elements from watching the nature around them They have made parts of the body of women, so they have presented a real and understandable image of the beloved, which at the same time does not show any attention to the mental states and human emotions of the beloved. The reason for this similarity in the use of an analogy between these two works (pendants and textual poetry) of course needs independent research, however, the comparison of the characteristics of both lovers indicates a similar lover in the two selected samples.<br />- Probably, the tendency towards the characteristics of the beloved as it was formed in Arabic and Persian poetry in the centuries after the 5th and 6th centuries, in the Arabic poetry of the 4th century, which the narrator is known as the complete representative of it, was not very popular and the beloved was seen as they saw it. And they have wanted, they have described. With this description, the comparison of the images of the two lovers shows that there is not much difference in the chosen organs of the lover and the way of looking at the woman in the similes used, although the structure of the similes of the lover in Mantabi's poetry is more compact and advanced than Jahili's poetry. Of course, the similarity of the faces of two lovers from two different historical periods can strengthen the opinion of those who doubted the authenticity of Jahili's poetry. 1. Purpose and introduction<br />This research aims to examine the history of similes about the beloved in the pre-and post-Islamic period, to explore the position of simile as one of the most widely used rhetorical devices in Arabic poetry, and to show the commonalities and differences between these two periods in case studies.<br />2. Methodology<br />The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and Statistical methods have also been used as necessary. It is worth mentioning that to achieve an objective and tangible result, the authors decided to choose similes from various rhetorical topics and limit it to the simile of the beloved, which is one of the broadest concepts in literary texts, and among the works composed in the Jahili period, The Mu'allaqat and the poems of the Islamic period up to (fourth century), choose " the Divan of Al-Mutanabbi" as the key works of these two periods and explore the image of the beloved in these two works. The obtained images compare with each other.<br /><br />3. findings<br />The findings of this article, which is based on extensive research for the doctoral thesis of the responsible author, are diverse and can be examined from various aspects, what is the result of this case study, in brief, is as follows:<br />- The poets of the Jahili era, especially the composers of the suspensions were familiar with rhetorical devices such as simile and metaphor, and most of their poems are mixed with a kind of simile, so that many examples of simile are used in their poetry.<br />- There are 17 non-repetitive similes about the beloved in the seven verses.<br />- The general simile in describing the beloved prevails over other types of simile.<br />- The similes of Jahili poets are generally of a perceptible type.<br />- Pre-Islamic poets have a realistic approach to describing the beloved.<br />- A comparison of the depiction of the beloved in the Mu'allaqat and the Divan Matnabi shows that until the fourth century of the lunar calendar, Arabic poetry was inclined to images close to reality and the use of thermal imagery was one of the most common types of similes. The way of looking at the beloved in both works is limited to the description of the physical dimensions of his existence, and the human emotions and spirits of the beloved have not been paid attention to.<br /><br />4. Discussion and results<br />- The authors of this article have sought answers to these questions, what are the similes of the lover in Jahili poetry from a technical and structural point of view? What was the type of view of the Jahili poet in the description of the beloved and female characteristics? Over time, what differences have been introduced in the construction and content of the similes of the beloved, which perhaps distinguish the beloved of the Islamic period from the pre_islamic lover ?<br />- The authors assume that similes in Jahili poetry have a basic, simple and complete structure, and the elements of the simile are often fully mentioned, and both sides of the simile are often sensual.- Paying attention to the beloved and female beauty in Jahili poetry by creating simple, realistic, and detail-oriented images, and over time, especially under the influence of the emergence of Islam and the revelation of the Qur'an, the eloquence of the images around the beloved has increased and strengthened and has a new face. A more imaginative picture of the beloved has been drawn, and wider dimensions of his existence have been taken into consideration.<br />- The third assumption is that poetry in the Islamic period usually has special complexities and more imagination in the construction and content of similes and presents a different image of the beloved. The research results show that:<br />- According to the predictions and hypothesis of the authors, the structure of the similes of the lover in the poems is simpler and more basic than the textual poetry, at the same time, the compound simile is used more in Jahili poetry than the textual poetry, which results in dynamic and novel images in the description of the beloved. Is; Probably, the detail-oriented and realistic view of the pre-Islamic Arabs on the world was effective in the formation of this type of simile.<br />- The poets Al-Alaqat and Mantabi are completely sensuous and nature-oriented in their imagery, and based on what this research showed, both of them used sensory similes to describe the beloved and borrowed tangible elements from watching the nature around them They have made parts of the body of women, so they have presented a real and understandable image of the beloved, which at the same time does not show any attention to the mental states and human emotions of the beloved. The reason for this similarity in the use of an analogy between these two works (pendants and textual poetry) of course needs independent research, however, the comparison of the characteristics of both lovers indicates a similar lover in the two selected samples.<br />- Probably, the tendency towards the characteristics of the beloved as it was formed in Arabic and Persian poetry in the centuries after the 5th and 6th centuries, in the Arabic poetry of the 4th century, which the narrator is known as the complete representative of it, was not very popular and the beloved was seen as they saw it. And they have wanted, they have described. With this description, the comparison of the images of the two lovers shows that there is not much difference in the chosen organs of the lover and the way of looking at the woman in the similes used, although the structure of the similes of the lover in Mantabi's poetry is more compact and advanced than Jahili's poetry. Of course, the similarity of the faces of two lovers from two different historical periods can strengthen the opinion of those who doubted the authenticity of Jahili's poetry. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105243_3f2a98e64b9abd9ae71c3cf2f96af482.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 reading of Collingwood's reaction; In the analysis of Akkad's positivist methodology, relying on the book of Abu Nuwas reading of Collingwood's reaction; In the analysis of Akkad's positivist methodology, relying on the book of Abu Nuwas 100 115 105244 10.48308/jalc.2025.233757.1283 FA Abdullah Hosseiny Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Farhangian University, PO Box 889-14665, Tehran, Iran 0009-0009-0437-963X Journal Article 2023 11 20 Abbas Mahmoud Akkad is one of the forerunners of contemporary Egyptian literature and one of the important and influential intellectual figures of the Arab world who, in the guise of a literary critic, has thought a lot about the comparison between tradition and the new world. This article is the result of a study regarding the nature of Akkad's critical approach, according to the initial hypothesis, with the positivist tradition of Freud. Therefore, in the following lines, he tries to formulate his perception of Collingwood's theory of re-activism. Then, in the light of Sigmund Freud's opinions, while explaining and correcting the strains of Akkad's psychological criticism and the presuppositions hidden in the heart of these strains, based on which he criticizes Abu Nawas's poems, he tries to analyze them as well. Hence, it is not a purely literary discussion; That is, there is no mention of the literary properties and characteristics of criticism, but it has a philosophical tone and assumes the knowledge-giving and objectivity of literary propositions. <br />In the end, what is obtained shows that the critical approach of Akkad, from the methodological, epistemological and anthropological points of view, due to some philosophical fallacy challenges, despite its special popularity in the contemporary world, its application in the field of literary criticism is not justified. Let alone be the basis of moral value judgment. Therefore, it presents Collingwood's idea of activism again as a proposed model for a deeper understanding of the underlying and hidden layers of poets' lives. Abbas Mahmoud Akkad is one of the forerunners of contemporary Egyptian literature and one of the important and influential intellectual figures of the Arab world who, in the guise of a literary critic, has thought a lot about the comparison between tradition and the new world. This article is the result of a study regarding the nature of Akkad's critical approach, according to the initial hypothesis, with the positivist tradition of Freud. Therefore, in the following lines, he tries to formulate his perception of Collingwood's theory of re-activism. Then, in the light of Sigmund Freud's opinions, while explaining and correcting the strains of Akkad's psychological criticism and the presuppositions hidden in the heart of these strains, based on which he criticizes Abu Nawas's poems, he tries to analyze them as well. Hence, it is not a purely literary discussion; That is, there is no mention of the literary properties and characteristics of criticism, but it has a philosophical tone and assumes the knowledge-giving and objectivity of literary propositions. <br />In the end, what is obtained shows that the critical approach of Akkad, from the methodological, epistemological and anthropological points of view, due to some philosophical fallacy challenges, despite its special popularity in the contemporary world, its application in the field of literary criticism is not justified. Let alone be the basis of moral value judgment. Therefore, it presents Collingwood's idea of activism again as a proposed model for a deeper understanding of the underlying and hidden layers of poets' lives. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105244_87d208c90518dfad6524e342772930bc.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 Exploring the Controversy of existence of Wāw al-Muqḥamah in the Holy Quran: A Comparative Analysis of Basran and Kufan Grammarians and an assessment of 30 Persian Translations Exploring the Controversy of existence of Wāw al-Muqḥamah in the Holy Quran: A Comparative Analysis of Basran and Kufan Grammarians and an assessment of 30 Persian Translations 116 141 105245 10.48308/jalc.2024.231704.1242 FA Mohammad Saeid Bilkar Assistant Professor of Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-9130-1890 Mahdiar Shirazi Farashah Ph.D student of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-8619-259X Ali Hajikhani Associate Professor of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8255-8432 Journal Article 2023 05 20 Among all of the controversies between the grammarians of Basra and Kufa, the despute regarding "Iqḥām" of Wāw in Arabic is of particular importance due to the presence of numerous Quranic examples. The term "Wāw al-Muqḥamah" was coined by some early grammarians, such as Thaʽlab, to refer to a ‘Wāw’ whose presence or absence does not create a grammatical effect in speech and is therefore considered "al-Zā’idah". The grammarians of Kufa, especially al-Farrāʾ, believe in the existence of such a ‘Wāw’ in Arabic and, consequently, in the Holy Quran. On the other hand, the grammarians of Basra reject "Iqḥām" of Wāw in both the Quran and the Arabic language.This study aims to explain the dispute between these two influential schools of grammar concerning "Wāw al-Muqḥamah", and evaluate their opinions. Through collecting notable examples of this Wāw in the Quran, this study has chosen to adopt the opinion of the grammarians of Kufa. Furthermore, it has analyzed 30 Persian translations of the Holy Qur'an in terms of how this ‘Wāw’ is translated in 12 examples from the Qur'an. the results indicate that 47.7% of the translators' performance is consistent with Basrian's opinion, 23.6% are consistent with Kufian's opinion, and 27.7% include grammatically incorrect performance. Among them, Arfa and Sadegh Nobari are the most compatible with Kufian opinion with seven Kufian performances, while Meshkini is the most compatible with Basrian opinion with ten Basrian performances. The highest number of incorrect translations belongs to Haddad Adel with six incorrect translations. Among all of the controversies between the grammarians of Basra and Kufa, the despute regarding "Iqḥām" of Wāw in Arabic is of particular importance due to the presence of numerous Quranic examples. The term "Wāw al-Muqḥamah" was coined by some early grammarians, such as Thaʽlab, to refer to a ‘Wāw’ whose presence or absence does not create a grammatical effect in speech and is therefore considered "al-Zā’idah". The grammarians of Kufa, especially al-Farrāʾ, believe in the existence of such a ‘Wāw’ in Arabic and, consequently, in the Holy Quran. On the other hand, the grammarians of Basra reject "Iqḥām" of Wāw in both the Quran and the Arabic language.This study aims to explain the dispute between these two influential schools of grammar concerning "Wāw al-Muqḥamah", and evaluate their opinions. Through collecting notable examples of this Wāw in the Quran, this study has chosen to adopt the opinion of the grammarians of Kufa. Furthermore, it has analyzed 30 Persian translations of the Holy Qur'an in terms of how this ‘Wāw’ is translated in 12 examples from the Qur'an. the results indicate that 47.7% of the translators' performance is consistent with Basrian's opinion, 23.6% are consistent with Kufian's opinion, and 27.7% include grammatically incorrect performance. Among them, Arfa and Sadegh Nobari are the most compatible with Kufian opinion with seven Kufian performances, while Meshkini is the most compatible with Basrian opinion with ten Basrian performances. The highest number of incorrect translations belongs to Haddad Adel with six incorrect translations. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105245_8583cd7c50cc85d47a8db2dae972cd72.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 Analyzing explicit and implicit intertextuality in the play "Al-Hussein, a rebel and a martyr" by Abd al-Rahman al-Sharqawi, based on the theory of intertextuality of Gerard Genet Analyzing explicit and implicit intertextuality in the play "Al-Hussein, a rebel and a martyr" by Abd al-Rahman al-Sharqawi, based on the theory of intertextuality of Gerard Genet 142 158 105249 10.48308/jalc.2024.230729.1220 FA Najme Dehghan PhD student, Department of Arabic language and literature, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran 0000-0001-5987-566x Joseph Hadipur Nahzmi Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran 0000-0001-5987-566X Farhad Dev Salar Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Journal Article Gérard Genet (1930/2018) believes that no text is original, but rather the expression of previous texts. He considers the presence of elements or elements from previous texts in the current text as intertextuality and divides it into three categories: explicit, non-explicit and implicit. he does. Many writers have established intertextual relationships between their content and previous books with subjects such as religion and history in order to elevate their writing. Abd al-Rahman al-Sharqawi (1921/1987 AD) is a Sunni and Jamaat, and the play "Al-Hussain Tha'er and Martyr" is his work, which is related to the event of Ashura, which is an important part of Shia culture. Examining the intertextual relationship between the author and the nobility of the past texts seems to be necessary for the correct expression and away from the problems in this work. The findings show that, in order to improve his writing without sectarian bias, Sharghavi quoted Ashura and used authentic texts in places of his work to increase the scientific reliability and credibility of the work in an academic way. He was successful in the intertextual relationship with religious texts. But he has not been very successful in historical intertextuality and it seems that he has relied on his mind in describing some events. Gérard Genet (1930/2018) believes that no text is original, but rather the expression of previous texts. He considers the presence of elements or elements from previous texts in the current text as intertextuality and divides it into three categories: explicit, non-explicit and implicit. he does. Many writers have established intertextual relationships between their content and previous books with subjects such as religion and history in order to elevate their writing. Abd al-Rahman al-Sharqawi (1921/1987 AD) is a Sunni and Jamaat, and the play "Al-Hussain Tha'er and Martyr" is his work, which is related to the event of Ashura, which is an important part of Shia culture. Examining the intertextual relationship between the author and the nobility of the past texts seems to be necessary for the correct expression and away from the problems in this work. The findings show that, in order to improve his writing without sectarian bias, Sharghavi quoted Ashura and used authentic texts in places of his work to increase the scientific reliability and credibility of the work in an academic way. He was successful in the intertextual relationship with religious texts. But he has not been very successful in historical intertextuality and it seems that he has relied on his mind in describing some events. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105249_e880840a8abb21d2068461932c5a9ae2.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 Analysis of the synonymy and semantic differences between the words "Be'er" and "Jobb" in the Holy Quran from the perspective of Semitic languages Analysis of the synonymy and semantic differences between the words "Be'er" and "Jobb" in the Holy Quran from the perspective of Semitic languages 159 177 105250 10.29252/jalc.2023.228107.1172 FA Fateme Zarei PH.D student صغری فلاحتی استاد دانشگاه خوارزمی 0000-0002-7272-4177 Journal Article 2022 07 23 Among the Qur'anic synonyms for which the commentators did not distinguish semantically, the words "be'er" and "jobb" are considered. The word "be'er" is one of the Qur'anic variations that is mentioned in verse 45 of Surah Al-Hajj, but the word "Jobb" has been used twice and only in Surah Yusuf. Linguists and Quranic scholars believe that these two words have Arabic roots and the only difference is in their depth. But the truth seems to be the opposite of this claim. This led the leading paper to discuss the roots of words in the Semitic language family (Arabic, Hebrew and Aramaic) and to study these words in a descriptive-analytical and comparative manner and with reference to historical religious events. The findings indicate that the word "be'er" is one of the words used in the Semitic languages, but from exactly which of the Semitic language groups does it belong to the other groups? But the word "Jobb" is clearly Aramaic in origin, and the reason why God Almighty uses the word Aramaic in Surah Yusuf is that the historical evidence is that the Prophet Ibrahim and all his descendants were from Harran. Their language was either distinctly Aramaic or they spoke Aramaic influenced by Aramaic. Among the Qur'anic synonyms for which the commentators did not distinguish semantically, the words "be'er" and "jobb" are considered. The word "be'er" is one of the Qur'anic variations that is mentioned in verse 45 of Surah Al-Hajj, but the word "Jobb" has been used twice and only in Surah Yusuf. Linguists and Quranic scholars believe that these two words have Arabic roots and the only difference is in their depth. But the truth seems to be the opposite of this claim. This led the leading paper to discuss the roots of words in the Semitic language family (Arabic, Hebrew and Aramaic) and to study these words in a descriptive-analytical and comparative manner and with reference to historical religious events. The findings indicate that the word "be'er" is one of the words used in the Semitic languages, but from exactly which of the Semitic language groups does it belong to the other groups? But the word "Jobb" is clearly Aramaic in origin, and the reason why God Almighty uses the word Aramaic in Surah Yusuf is that the historical evidence is that the Prophet Ibrahim and all his descendants were from Harran. Their language was either distinctly Aramaic or they spoke Aramaic influenced by Aramaic. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105250_060ef239d255911420173376d8a397da.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 Manifestations of Honor and Chivalry in Diwan Abi Firas Al-Hamdani Manifestations of Honor and Chivalry in Diwan Abi Firas Al-Hamdani 178 194 105251 10.48308/jalc.2025.232362.1254 FA Abolfazl Rezayi Associate Professor of Shahid Beheshti University 0000-0001-8619-2442 Ali Purhamdanian PhD student in Arabic language and literature, Shahid Beheshti University Hojjat Rasouli Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 0000-0002-0480-8838 Journal Article 2023 12 11 Honor and chivalry are among the most famous characteristics that Arabs have been fond of since ancient times. Chivalry overshadowed the words and deeds of the ancient Arabs to the point that it became the scales on which every deed and word was measured. Abi Firas Al-Hamdani is one of the most famous poets of the Abbasid era. He is a captive prince whose Diwan is full of moral and human tendencies. Many books and researches have been written about Abi Firas's Diwan. It has Abbasi. Some of these works have analyzed “Al-Rumiyyat” of this poet, his pride and lyricism from different point of views; a fact that suggests the importance of the poet and his influence in the Abbasid period. This research intends to deal with the manifestations of honor and chivalry in the Diwan of Abu Firas Al-Hamdani. Chastity, forgiveness when in power, dignified love, wisdom, patience and self-esteem are the most important manifestations of honor and chivalry that this research has achieved after studying his Diwan and analyzing the relevant evidence relating to these two aforementioned manifestations. One of the most important results that this study has achieved is that the two characteristics of forgiveness w<br />Honor and chivalry are among the most famous characteristics that Arabs have been fond of since ancient times. Chivalry overshadowed the words and deeds of the ancient Arabs to the point that it became the scales on which every deed and word was measured. Abi Firas Al-Hamdani is one of the most famous poets of the Abbasid era. He is a captive prince whose Diwan is full of moral and human tendencies. Many books and researches have been written about Abi Firas's Diwan. It has Abbasi. Some of these works have analyzed “Al-Rumiyyat” of this poet, his pride and lyricism from different point of views; a fact that suggests the importance of the poet and his influence in the Abbasid period. This research intends to deal with the manifestations of honor and chivalry in the Diwan of Abu Firas Al-Hamdani. Chastity, forgiveness when in power, dignified love, wisdom, patience and self-esteem are the most important manifestations of honor and chivalry that this research has achieved after studying his Diwan and analyzing the relevant evidence relating to these two aforementioned manifestations. One of the most important results that this study has achieved is that the two characteristics of forgiveness w<br />Honor and chivalry are among the most famous characteristics that Arabs have been fond of since ancient times. Chivalry overshadowed the words and deeds of the ancient Arabs to the point that it became the scales on which every deed and word was measured. Abi Firas Al-Hamdani is one of the most famous poets of the Abbasid era. He is a captive prince whose Diwan is full of moral and human tendencies. Many books and researches have been written about Abi Firas's Diwan. It has Abbasi. Some of these works have analyzed “Al-Rumiyyat” of this poet, his pride and lyricism from different point of views; a fact that suggests the importance of the poet and his influence in the Abbasid period. This research intends to deal with the manifestations of honor and chivalry in the Diwan of Abu Firas Al-Hamdani. Chastity, forgiveness when in power, dignified love, wisdom, patience and self-esteem are the most important manifestations of honor and chivalry that this research has achieved after studying his Diwan and analyzing the relevant evidence relating to these two aforementioned manifestations. One of the most important results that this study has achieved is that the two characteristics of forgiveness w<br />Honor and chivalry are among the most famous characteristics that Arabs have been fond of since ancient times. Chivalry overshadowed the words and deeds of the ancient Arabs to the point that it became the scales on which every deed and word was measured. Abi Firas Al-Hamdani is one of the most famous poets of the Abbasid era. He is a captive prince whose Diwan is full of moral and human tendencies. Many books and researches have been written about Abi Firas's Diwan. It has Abbasi. Some of these works have analyzed “Al-Rumiyyat” of this poet, his pride and lyricism from different point of views; a fact that suggests the importance of the poet and his influence in the Abbasid period. This research intends to deal with the manifestations of honor and chivalry in the Diwan of Abu Firas Al-Hamdani. Chastity, forgiveness when in power, dignified love, wisdom, patience and self-esteem are the most important manifestations of honor and chivalry that this research has achieved after studying his Diwan and analyzing the relevant evidence relating to these two aforementioned manifestations. One of the most important results that this study has achieved is that the two characteristics of forgiveness w Honor and chivalry are among the most famous characteristics that Arabs have been fond of since ancient times. Chivalry overshadowed the words and deeds of the ancient Arabs to the point that it became the scales on which every deed and word was measured. Abi Firas Al-Hamdani is one of the most famous poets of the Abbasid era. He is a captive prince whose Diwan is full of moral and human tendencies. Many books and researches have been written about Abi Firas's Diwan. It has Abbasi. Some of these works have analyzed “Al-Rumiyyat” of this poet, his pride and lyricism from different point of views; a fact that suggests the importance of the poet and his influence in the Abbasid period. This research intends to deal with the manifestations of honor and chivalry in the Diwan of Abu Firas Al-Hamdani. Chastity, forgiveness when in power, dignified love, wisdom, patience and self-esteem are the most important manifestations of honor and chivalry that this research has achieved after studying his Diwan and analyzing the relevant evidence relating to these two aforementioned manifestations. One of the most important results that this study has achieved is that the two characteristics of forgiveness w<br />Honor and chivalry are among the most famous characteristics that Arabs have been fond of since ancient times. Chivalry overshadowed the words and deeds of the ancient Arabs to the point that it became the scales on which every deed and word was measured. Abi Firas Al-Hamdani is one of the most famous poets of the Abbasid era. He is a captive prince whose Diwan is full of moral and human tendencies. Many books and researches have been written about Abi Firas's Diwan. It has Abbasi. Some of these works have analyzed “Al-Rumiyyat” of this poet, his pride and lyricism from different point of views; a fact that suggests the importance of the poet and his influence in the Abbasid period. This research intends to deal with the manifestations of honor and chivalry in the Diwan of Abu Firas Al-Hamdani. Chastity, forgiveness when in power, dignified love, wisdom, patience and self-esteem are the most important manifestations of honor and chivalry that this research has achieved after studying his Diwan and analyzing the relevant evidence relating to these two aforementioned manifestations. One of the most important results that this study has achieved is that the two characteristics of forgiveness w<br />Honor and chivalry are among the most famous characteristics that Arabs have been fond of since ancient times. Chivalry overshadowed the words and deeds of the ancient Arabs to the point that it became the scales on which every deed and word was measured. Abi Firas Al-Hamdani is one of the most famous poets of the Abbasid era. He is a captive prince whose Diwan is full of moral and human tendencies. Many books and researches have been written about Abi Firas's Diwan. It has Abbasi. Some of these works have analyzed “Al-Rumiyyat” of this poet, his pride and lyricism from different point of views; a fact that suggests the importance of the poet and his influence in the Abbasid period. This research intends to deal with the manifestations of honor and chivalry in the Diwan of Abu Firas Al-Hamdani. Chastity, forgiveness when in power, dignified love, wisdom, patience and self-esteem are the most important manifestations of honor and chivalry that this research has achieved after studying his Diwan and analyzing the relevant evidence relating to these two aforementioned manifestations. One of the most important results that this study has achieved is that the two characteristics of forgiveness w<br />Honor and chivalry are among the most famous characteristics that Arabs have been fond of since ancient times. Chivalry overshadowed the words and deeds of the ancient Arabs to the point that it became the scales on which every deed and word was measured. Abi Firas Al-Hamdani is one of the most famous poets of the Abbasid era. He is a captive prince whose Diwan is full of moral and human tendencies. Many books and researches have been written about Abi Firas's Diwan. It has Abbasi. Some of these works have analyzed “Al-Rumiyyat” of this poet, his pride and lyricism from different point of views; a fact that suggests the importance of the poet and his influence in the Abbasid period. This research intends to deal with the manifestations of honor and chivalry in the Diwan of Abu Firas Al-Hamdani. Chastity, forgiveness when in power, dignified love, wisdom, patience and self-esteem are the most important manifestations of honor and chivalry that this research has achieved after studying his Diwan and analyzing the relevant evidence relating to these two aforementioned manifestations. One of the most important results that this study has achieved is that the two characteristics of forgiveness w https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105251_a7a1f716b9c8671490449c00ecda99ad.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Arabic Literature Bulletin 2588-6835 15 1 2024 12 21 A linguistic study of the mechanisms of textual interconnection in the seventh supplication from Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya in the light of textual linguistics A linguistic study of the mechanisms of textual interconnection in the seventh supplication from Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya in the light of textual linguistics 195 212 105252 10.48308/jalc.2025.234447.1294 FA Seyyed Ahmad Mosawi Panah Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 0009-0000-7484-8571 Journal Article 2024 01 16 introduction<br />Linguistic studies have recently branched out, which has led to the development of study approaches to literary text in a striking and clear manner, after the focus was on the sentence as a linguistic unit capable of analysis for a long time.Note that text linguistics seeks to process texts and reveal their cohesion by researching how the text and its component parts are interconnected, as well as by highlighting the linguistic elements that contribute to making the text a single, self-contained unit distinct from others. In this research, we discuss the seventh supplication of the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyyah supplications, in order to study the elements of textual harmony and coherence represented by referral, substitution, deletion, and...as well as semantic relationships such as preference after generalization, cause and effect, and phonetic consistency.It has become apparent that each of these elements played an important role in the beauty and cohesion of this supplication. The way to achieve this is that the researcher in each paragraph comes with an introduction and then statistical tables for each element. On the basis of these elements, the impact of these elements on creating literary creativity is discussed. Research questions<br />-What are the most prominent elements that played a role in the cohesion of the text in this supplication?<br />-What is the role of textual coherence mechanisms in the consistency of the text in this supplication?<br />Hypotheses<br />There are different elements and tools that were used in this supplication in order to make it coherent, such as deletion, referral, substitution, position of speech, and phonetic consistency represented by rhythm and semantic relationships.<br />The mechanisms of textual coherence played a clear role in cohesiveness of the text and creating creativity and beauty in it, by attaching the previous part to the later part, so the supplication appeared as if it were one cohesive unit.<br />Methodology<br />This study, through the descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to shed light on the elements of coherence in the seventh supplication of the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya supplications, to study the intertwined and interconnected relationships in it, while analyzing statistics and explaining their role and contribution in achieving coherence.<br />Results and Discution<br />The issue of textual cohesion is considered a pivotal issue in linguistic studies, especially studies interested in the phenomenon of textual cohesion in literary texts, because it is considered one of the fundamental premises in the construction and formulation of any text. The phenomenon of textual cohesion revolves around the connection between parts of the text to make it harmonious and cohesive. The most famous tools that are used in such studies to detect harmony within a text are: all kinds of referral, replacement, deletion, inclusion, repetition, linking or connection, and so on. This means that textual cohesion is a necessary characteristic in every literary text, the use of which leads to transforming the text into a single alloy of cohesive parts. Among the results of the study we have in hand is that the elements of consistency in this supplication have contributed significantly to the interconnection of its parts and the connection between the earlier and later parts of the text so that it appears as if it is all one sentence serving one purpose. These tools also sometimes contributed to the desired brevity, as in the aforementioned models of deletion. Likewise, the combination led to coloring the speech in different colors of the statement to drive away boredom from the listener. All kinds of verbal and textual referrals contributed to the consistency of the supplication paragraphs through the interconnection of the text and connecting the earlier with the later in the words.The elements of textual coherence, especially the “place of discourse” element, clearly resulted in the sequence of ideas and made them follow the order of the introductions in order to obtain the results. The deletion in this supplication allows for brevity and leaves a gap for the recipient to continuously search the text to fill the gap and discover what is missing, thus opening the way for the reader to be one of the parties involved in finding and understanding the text.<br />Conclusion<br />It became clear through the linguistic approach that the linguistic elements performed a major function in linking the parts of this supplication to each other, so that the text, despite the multiplicity of sentences contained in it, was transformed into a single cohesion, and that these elements were what brought beauty to the text of the supplication to the extent that if we had missed them in it, it would have become scattered and fragmented and would not serve its purpose and would not have served its purpose. Get the creativity available now. The study at hand attempts to address textual cohesion in the following forms. First, grammatical consistency, which is the connection of phrases and sentences with each other through linguistic means such as referral, substitution, deletion, and linking. Secondly, lexical consistency. This type of consistency includes: cohesion and repetition, and thirdly, semantic relationships. This section includes detail after summary, position of discourse, causality, and generality. introduction<br />Linguistic studies have recently branched out, which has led to the development of study approaches to literary text in a striking and clear manner, after the focus was on the sentence as a linguistic unit capable of analysis for a long time.Note that text linguistics seeks to process texts and reveal their cohesion by researching how the text and its component parts are interconnected, as well as by highlighting the linguistic elements that contribute to making the text a single, self-contained unit distinct from others. In this research, we discuss the seventh supplication of the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyyah supplications, in order to study the elements of textual harmony and coherence represented by referral, substitution, deletion, and...as well as semantic relationships such as preference after generalization, cause and effect, and phonetic consistency.It has become apparent that each of these elements played an important role in the beauty and cohesion of this supplication. The way to achieve this is that the researcher in each paragraph comes with an introduction and then statistical tables for each element. On the basis of these elements, the impact of these elements on creating literary creativity is discussed. Research questions<br />-What are the most prominent elements that played a role in the cohesion of the text in this supplication?<br />-What is the role of textual coherence mechanisms in the consistency of the text in this supplication?<br />Hypotheses<br />There are different elements and tools that were used in this supplication in order to make it coherent, such as deletion, referral, substitution, position of speech, and phonetic consistency represented by rhythm and semantic relationships.<br />The mechanisms of textual coherence played a clear role in cohesiveness of the text and creating creativity and beauty in it, by attaching the previous part to the later part, so the supplication appeared as if it were one cohesive unit.<br />Methodology<br />This study, through the descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to shed light on the elements of coherence in the seventh supplication of the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya supplications, to study the intertwined and interconnected relationships in it, while analyzing statistics and explaining their role and contribution in achieving coherence.<br />Results and Discution<br />The issue of textual cohesion is considered a pivotal issue in linguistic studies, especially studies interested in the phenomenon of textual cohesion in literary texts, because it is considered one of the fundamental premises in the construction and formulation of any text. The phenomenon of textual cohesion revolves around the connection between parts of the text to make it harmonious and cohesive. The most famous tools that are used in such studies to detect harmony within a text are: all kinds of referral, replacement, deletion, inclusion, repetition, linking or connection, and so on. This means that textual cohesion is a necessary characteristic in every literary text, the use of which leads to transforming the text into a single alloy of cohesive parts. Among the results of the study we have in hand is that the elements of consistency in this supplication have contributed significantly to the interconnection of its parts and the connection between the earlier and later parts of the text so that it appears as if it is all one sentence serving one purpose. These tools also sometimes contributed to the desired brevity, as in the aforementioned models of deletion. Likewise, the combination led to coloring the speech in different colors of the statement to drive away boredom from the listener. All kinds of verbal and textual referrals contributed to the consistency of the supplication paragraphs through the interconnection of the text and connecting the earlier with the later in the words.The elements of textual coherence, especially the “place of discourse” element, clearly resulted in the sequence of ideas and made them follow the order of the introductions in order to obtain the results. The deletion in this supplication allows for brevity and leaves a gap for the recipient to continuously search the text to fill the gap and discover what is missing, thus opening the way for the reader to be one of the parties involved in finding and understanding the text.<br />Conclusion<br />It became clear through the linguistic approach that the linguistic elements performed a major function in linking the parts of this supplication to each other, so that the text, despite the multiplicity of sentences contained in it, was transformed into a single cohesion, and that these elements were what brought beauty to the text of the supplication to the extent that if we had missed them in it, it would have become scattered and fragmented and would not serve its purpose and would not have served its purpose. Get the creativity available now. The study at hand attempts to address textual cohesion in the following forms. First, grammatical consistency, which is the connection of phrases and sentences with each other through linguistic means such as referral, substitution, deletion, and linking. Secondly, lexical consistency. This type of consistency includes: cohesion and repetition, and thirdly, semantic relationships. This section includes detail after summary, position of discourse, causality, and generality. https://jalc.sbu.ac.ir/article_105252_8016ee1d222cd9a96cac558e97f36796.pdf