Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی
Abstract
Among all of the controversies between the grammarians of Basra and Kufa, the despute regarding "Iqḥām" of Wāw in Arabic is of particular importance due to the presence of numerous Quranic examples. The term "Wāw al-Muqḥamah" was coined by some early grammarians, such as Thaʽlab, to refer to a ‘Wāw’ whose presence or absence does not create a grammatical effect in speech and is therefore considered "al-Zā’idah". The grammarians of Kufa, especially al-Farrāʾ, believe in the existence of such a ‘Wāw’ in Arabic and, consequently, in the Holy Quran. On the other hand, the grammarians of Basra reject "Iqḥām" of Wāw in both the Quran and the Arabic language.This study aims to explain the dispute between these two influential schools of grammar concerning "Wāw al-Muqḥamah", and evaluate their opinions. Through collecting notable examples of this Wāw in the Quran, this study has chosen to adopt the opinion of the grammarians of Kufa. Furthermore, it has analyzed 30 Persian translations of the Holy Qur'an in terms of how this ‘Wāw’ is translated in 12 examples from the Qur'an. the results indicate that 47.7% of the translators' performance is consistent with Basrian's opinion, 23.6% are consistent with Kufian's opinion, and 27.7% include grammatically incorrect performance. Among them, Arfa and Sadegh Nobari are the most compatible with Kufian opinion with seven Kufian performances, while Meshkini is the most compatible with Basrian opinion with ten Basrian performances. The highest number of incorrect translations belongs to Haddad Adel with six incorrect translations.
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