Abstract

Purpose and Introduction: Colonialism is defined as the domination of one power over a subordinate territory or population. This transpires when one nation subjugates another, conquering its populace and exploiting it, frequently imposing its own language and cultural values on the subjugated people. The notion that conquered indigenous populations need the civilization and education of their colonizers due to their perceived primitive culture resulted in the establishment of colonial discourse. The West seeks to portray the East, so exerting dominance over it, not merely for knowledge but also for political authority. Post-colonial literature seeks to denounce these actions of Western rule as unlawful. The objective of post-colonial literature is to obstruct the infiltration and proliferation of colonial discourse and to alter the West's portrayal of the East. The primary focus of post-colonial writing is to address the ramifications following the attainment of independence. Included in these outcomes are the crisis of cultural identity, the peril of obliterating ancestral culture and history, the displacement and emigration of the indigenous populace, and the subjugation of women. “The Woman and the Rose” is a 1972 novel by Mohamed Zafzaf, regarded by critics as a pivotal moment in the evolution of the contemporary Moroccan Arabic novel. In this story, Zafzaf addresses the repercussions of colonialism and the marginalization of colonized societies. He addresses the challenges faced by immigrants who, influenced by Eurocentrism, travel to a Western nation to alleviate feelings of inadequacy and marginalization in pursuit of a prosperous existence in an idealized city. The obscurity of Muhammad Al-Zafzaf as a Moroccan author within the literary and academic circles in Iran underscores the imperative for this research. Given that nations are invariably confronted with post-colonial repercussions and cannot revert to prior conditions, it is essential to explore potential solutions to mitigate these implications. Should we capitulate to Western culture? Should we oppose and revert to our previous culture? Should we attain cultural fusion through the facilitation of interaction? Consequently, this research aims to investigate the approach employed by Mohammad Zafzaf in his novel to address these implications.
Methodology: This research aims to examine the post-colonial elements in the novel “The Woman and the Rose” through a descriptive-analytical approach, employing theories from the post-colonial domain and utilizing library resources. To address the aforementioned question, we must engage with concepts such as self/other dichotomy, Homi Bhabha's third space, cultural amalgamation, hybridity, and cultural identity crisis (cultural schizophrenia).
Results: This research reveals that Zafzaf's perspective on the third space parallels Homi Bhabha's viewpoint. He perceives the third space as a realm characterized by the dissolution of the binary opposition established by the West; a secure environment in which the colonized are not regarded as 'the other'; a domain of polyphony; a setting where cultural differences coexist without a hierarchy of superiority or inferiority. Zafzaf illustrates this environment as a beach where individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds coexist harmoniously. This narrative regards the interaction between Eastern and Western cultures as a conduit for cultural exchange, emblematic of hybridity and the formation of a novel identity. To illustrate the protagonist's cultural identity dilemma, Zafzaf depicts him as an individual afflicted by schizophrenia, experiencing intermittent hallucinations. From a psychoanalytic perspective, the author addresses the colonized experience of inferiority and marginalization manifested via these illusions, thereby emphasizing the repercussions of colonialism, including identity crises and the subjugation of women. The author's perspective in the novel posits that when the colonizer's mindset evolves from that of a repressed immigrant to an enlightened one, ceasing to uncritically emulate the West, he can attain a hybrid consciousness by entering the third space and discovering a new identity, ultimately perceiving himself in the lost paradise of Eden and experiencing happiness.
Discussion and Conclusion: This research indicates that, according to Muhammad Zafzaf, the colonized individual inevitably confronts ideas such as self/other, superior/inferior, West/East, and male/female throughout their existence. Consequently, the initial stage involves renouncing Western superiority and dismissing Eastern representations of the West. If the colonized immigrant lacks a hybrid consciousness, he may have acculturative schizophrenia due to a disconnection from his cultural identity; yet, if he retains awareness of his identity and past, he might mitigate the effects of acculturative schizophrenia. In order to confront the monologic pattern of colonialism and articulate his identity, the colonized individual must recount his history. In the silence of the colonized, the colonizer recounts history according to his perspective, resulting in the progressive distortion and eventual obliteration of the colonized's history, culture, and identity. Today, amidst the political cacophony, the stakeholders in the colonial process can only coexist harmoniously by embracing one other's distinctions, transcending the superior/inferior dichotomy, engaging in a third space of cultural amalgamation, and discovering a novel hybrid identity.