Abstract

1. Purpose and introduction
This research aims to examine the history of similes about the beloved in the pre-and post-Islamic period, to explore the position of simile as one of the most widely used rhetorical devices in Arabic poetry, and to show the commonalities and differences between these two periods in case studies.
2. Methodology
The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and Statistical methods have also been used as necessary. It is worth mentioning that to achieve an objective and tangible result, the authors decided to choose similes from various rhetorical topics and limit it to the simile of the beloved, which is one of the broadest concepts in literary texts, and among the works composed in the Jahili period, The Mu'allaqat and the poems of the Islamic period up to (fourth century), choose " the Divan of Al-Mutanabbi" as the key works of these two periods and explore the image of the beloved in these two works. The obtained images compare with each other.

3. findings
The findings of this article, which is based on extensive research for the doctoral thesis of the responsible author, are diverse and can be examined from various aspects, what is the result of this case study, in brief, is as follows:
- The poets of the Jahili era, especially the composers of the suspensions were familiar with rhetorical devices such as simile and metaphor, and most of their poems are mixed with a kind of simile, so that many examples of simile are used in their poetry.
- There are 17 non-repetitive similes about the beloved in the seven verses.
- The general simile in describing the beloved prevails over other types of simile.
- The similes of Jahili poets are generally of a perceptible type.
- Pre-Islamic poets have a realistic approach to describing the beloved.
- A comparison of the depiction of the beloved in the Mu'allaqat and the Divan Matnabi shows that until the fourth century of the lunar calendar, Arabic poetry was inclined to images close to reality and the use of thermal imagery was one of the most common types of similes. The way of looking at the beloved in both works is limited to the description of the physical dimensions of his existence, and the human emotions and spirits of the beloved have not been paid attention to.

4. Discussion and results
- The authors of this article have sought answers to these questions, what are the similes of the lover in Jahili poetry from a technical and structural point of view? What was the type of view of the Jahili poet in the description of the beloved and female characteristics? Over time, what differences have been introduced in the construction and content of the similes of the beloved, which perhaps distinguish the beloved of the Islamic period from the pre_islamic lover ?
- The authors assume that similes in Jahili poetry have a basic, simple and complete structure, and the elements of the simile are often fully mentioned, and both sides of the simile are often sensual.- Paying attention to the beloved and female beauty in Jahili poetry by creating simple, realistic, and detail-oriented images, and over time, especially under the influence of the emergence of Islam and the revelation of the Qur'an, the eloquence of the images around the beloved has increased and strengthened and has a new face. A more imaginative picture of the beloved has been drawn, and wider dimensions of his existence have been taken into consideration.
- The third assumption is that poetry in the Islamic period usually has special complexities and more imagination in the construction and content of similes and presents a different image of the beloved. The research results show that:
- According to the predictions and hypothesis of the authors, the structure of the similes of the lover in the poems is simpler and more basic than the textual poetry, at the same time, the compound simile is used more in Jahili poetry than the textual poetry, which results in dynamic and novel images in the description of the beloved. Is; Probably, the detail-oriented and realistic view of the pre-Islamic Arabs on the world was effective in the formation of this type of simile.
- The poets Al-Alaqat and Mantabi are completely sensuous and nature-oriented in their imagery, and based on what this research showed, both of them used sensory similes to describe the beloved and borrowed tangible elements from watching the nature around them They have made parts of the body of women, so they have presented a real and understandable image of the beloved, which at the same time does not show any attention to the mental states and human emotions of the beloved. The reason for this similarity in the use of an analogy between these two works (pendants and textual poetry) of course needs independent research, however, the comparison of the characteristics of both lovers indicates a similar lover in the two selected samples.
- Probably, the tendency towards the characteristics of the beloved as it was formed in Arabic and Persian poetry in the centuries after the 5th and 6th centuries, in the Arabic poetry of the 4th century, which the narrator is known as the complete representative of it, was not very popular and the beloved was seen as they saw it. And they have wanted, they have described. With this description, the comparison of the images of the two lovers shows that there is not much difference in the chosen organs of the lover and the way of looking at the woman in the similes used, although the structure of the similes of the lover in Mantabi's poetry is more compact and advanced than Jahili's poetry. Of course, the similarity of the faces of two lovers from two different historical periods can strengthen the opinion of those who doubted the authenticity of Jahili's poetry.